1. HOMEWORK
Stevens (radical republican) vs. POTUS Johnson primary source worksheet
DUE TOMORROW

2. Reconstruction

3. Reconstruction…what is it?
Reconstruction was an era of political conflict and disagreements within Government.
At the national level, new laws and constitutional amendments permanently altered the federal system and the definition of citizenship.
In the South, a politically mobilized black community joined with white allies to bring the Republican party to power, while excluding those accustomed to ruling the region.

4. The national debate over Reconstruction centered on three questions:
On what terms should the defeated Confederacy be reunited with the Union?
Who should establish these terms, Congress or the President?
What should be the place of the former slaves in the political life of the South?

5. Wartime reconstruction

6. Lincoln’s 10 % plan
Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction (December 8, 1863)
He didn’t consult Congress regarding Reconstruction.
Pardon to all but the highest ranking military and civilian Confederate officers.
When 10% of the voting population in the 1860 election had taken an oath of loyalty and established a government, it would be recognized.
Arkansas, Louisiana, Tennessee and Virginia

7. All rights of citizenship, expect the right to own slaves, would then be restored to the citizenry.
They could vote, hold office, serve on juries, etc.
The newly readmitted state must also ratify the 13th Amendment

8. 13th Amendment Constitutional amendment to abolish slavery
By the end of 1865, 27 states, including 8 from the South, ratified the 13th amendment
“neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, expect as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States.”

9. Congress opposed Lincoln’s generous policies

10. Radical republicans
“Radical” means extreme, and “radicals” typically want to see extreme changes in society.
wanted to destroy the political power of former slaveholders
give African Americans full citizenship and the right to vote
They believe that the federal government should have the power to support these issues.

11. Wade Davis bill
July 1864
Response by many Republicans who thought that Lincoln’s plan would allow disloyal secessionists to run state governments
Required 50% of voters to take the loyalty oath
Only non-confederates could vote on a new state constitution

12. Pocket Veto Lincoln pocket vetoed the bill
When a bill is passed 10 days before the end of a Congressional session, the President can “ignore” or “pocket” the bill and it will automatically be vetoed
This outraged Congress and they continued to assert full control of reconstruction

13. Lincoln’s ASSASSINATION
While Lincoln was in Virginia/Washington discussing his plan with rebel leaders, his wife persuaded him to go see a play at the theatre.
John Wilkes Booth broke into the President’s private box and fired one shot to Lincoln, killing him April 15, 1865
VP ANDREW JOHNSON BECOMES POTUS

14. Thaddeus Stevens VS Andrew Johnson

15. Homework Start analyzing primary sources for Impeachment Essay Outline
(midterm-Friday)

16. Impeachment: removal from office
Acquit: discharge, free

17. What are the major differences between the Radical Republicans and Andrew Johnson?
Which plan do you think would be more likely to unite the country after the Civil War?
Why do you think the Radical Republican plan was considered “radical?”
What do you predict actually happened during Reconstruction?

18. In your notes…
Based on the HW from last night, Which plan do you think would be more likely to unite the country after the Civil War? Why? Stevens or Johnson?

19. Presidential reconstruction Andrew Johnson

20. BACKGROUND:
Chosen as running mate in 1864 to encourage pro-Union democrats to vote for the Union (Republican) party
Was the only senator from a Confederate state who stayed loyal to the Union
Tennessee’s war governor
Problem with him leading reconstruction:
He’s a white supremacist

21. President Johnson’s Plan (10%+)
Amnesty and pardon were available to former Confederates who pledged loyalty to the Union and support for emancipation. (just like Lincoln)
Major Confederate leaders and extremely wealthy planters, however, had to apply individually for Presidential pardons
In new constitutions, they must accept minimum conditions repudiating slavery, secession and state debts.
Named provisional governors in Confederate states and called them to oversee elections for constitutional conventions.

22. EFFECTS 1. Disenfranchised certain leading Confederates.
2. Pardoned planter aristocrats brought them back to political power to control state organizations.
3. Republicans were outraged that planter elite were back in power in the South!

23. Johnson was determined to overthrow the slaveocracy that ruled the South. He was not, however, interested in increasing equality and providing suffrage rights to African Americans.

24. Republicans begin to ask “Who won the war?”
Begin to demonstrate unhappiness w/Johnson
In 1866, Congress refuses to seat elected representatives and senators from former Confederate states
(maybe a reason why Congress wanted to impeach Johnson?...hm…)

25. Growing Northern Alarm!
Many Southern state constitutions fell short of minimum requirements.
Johnson granted 13,500 special pardons.
After Confederate states had been admitted back into the Union, and Confederates pardoned, members of the pre-war political ruling class were soon re-elected as state legislators, governors, Congressmen, and Senators. These leaders had no intention of extending political equality and the right to vote to the freedmen.

26. Radical Republicans Kill POTUS Reconstruction
Johnson claimed Reconstruction was complete…Radical Republicans (like Stevens) said NO WAY JOSE!

27. Freedmen’s Bureau 1865
Congress voted to continue to expand the Freedmen’s Bureau
Assisted former slaves and poor whites in the South by distributing clothing and food.
Set up over 40 hospitals, 4,000 schools, 61 industrial institutes and 74 teacher training centers

28. Plenty to eat and nothing to do

29. Freedmen’s Bureau School