1. Integrated Vector Management Programme Jamaica
Sherine Huntley Jones
Public Health Entomologist
Manager, National Vector Control Programme

2. I have you under my control !

3. Presentation Outline Historical Background Current Situation
Gaps in Programme
Looking Ahead

4. Historical Perspective
We have had Vector-borne Disease with us for a long time!.
Outbreaks of mosquito-borne disease are NOT new

5. Endemic Diseases of the Past
Yellow Fever
Malaria
Eastern Equine Encephalitis - EEE
Dengue

6. History of Vector-borne Diseases in Jamaica
Several outbreaks of dengue
By 2007, all 4 serotypes have circulated in Jamaica
1970’s
Discontinuation of eradication programme
2016
Introduction of Zika
1965
Certified by WHO as malaria free
1998
Outbreak of dengue
Before 1961
Malaria Outbreaks
Ongoing imported cases of malaria
1960’s Western hemisphere eradication programme
1977
Massive Dengue Outbreak
1962
Outbreak of Eastern Equine Encephalitis in Jamaica
2006 Reintroduction of Malaria.
2012
re-certified malaria free
1995
Outbreak of dengue
2013
Introduction of chikungunya virus
Last case of yellow fever recorded in 1904

7. MOSQUITO VECTORS ENDEMIC
Anopheles albimanus .
Aedes aegypti
Aedes sollicitans

8. Based on Eradication Principles
Vector Management
Based on Eradication Principles
House to house Inspection with elements of treating/destroying breeding sites
Application of pesticides
Ownership
Implementation owned by mostly government

9. Current Situation Supporting Environment persist!
Outbreaks of mosquito-borne disease are still occurring
We still have vector-borne diseases

10. Vector-borne Diseases Endemic
Dengue
Zika
Chikungunya

11. Vector-borne Diseases At Risk For
Yellow Fever
West Nile Virus
Mayaro Virus
Malaria
Oropouche

12. Dengue outbreaks Jamaica 1995 to 2018
Year
Serotypes isolated
1995
DENV-2
1998
DENV-3
2007
DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-4
2010
2012
DENV-1
2016
DENV-3, DENV-4
2018

13. Dengue in Jamaica

14. MOSQUITO VECTORS ENDEMIC
Anopheles albimanus .
Aedes aegypti
Aedes albopictus
Culex sp.
Ochleratatus sollicitans

15. Dengue Epidemiology Outbreaks of dengue expected now every 2-3 years
More severe clinical presentation projected with each outbreak
Jamaica maybe at a hyper-endemic state

16. Contributing Factors Increase in global travel Climate Change
Urbanization
Solid Waste Management
Piped Water Infrastructure
Resistance to chemicals
Resistance to drug - antimalarials

17. Integrated Vector Management
Components of IVM Programme
Legislation
Vector Surveillance,
Public Education (Community Participation
Vector Control Interventions
Intersectorial Collaboration
Emergency Response
Research

18. Integrated Vector Management (IVM)
Legislation and Advocacy
Nuisance Regulations
Vector Surveillance
Key Premises (tyre shops, garages and dump sites)
Key Institutions (schools, infirmary, police stations, hospitals)
Key Areas (markets, ports of entry, urban centres, high risk communities
Public Education
Media Campaign
Distribution of educational material
Vector Control Interventions
Adulticiding
Larviciding
Emergency Response
Hot spot
Increase in response capacity
Emergency intervention
Inter-sectorial Collaboration
Partnering with key stakeholders and other agencies
Research
Investigation into new and innovation intervention

19. Integrated Vector Management
Vector Control Intervention
Nuisance control
Public Education
Chemical application, source reduction
Surveillance
Aedes aegypti/albopictus sentinel System
Daily House to House Inspection.
Bi Annual Rapid Surveillance
Programme Activities

25. Surveillance Information
45/55g drum
tyres
To determine main sources of mosquito breeding
511
High risk communities

26. 202 permanent vector control staff
Resources
202 permanent vector control staff
37 vehicles
9 ULV machines
162 handheld machines

27. GAPS IN PROGRAMME Enforcement of Legislation Inadequate Resources
Population Behaviour
Effective Tools for Intervention
Operational Research

28. Looking Forward Supporting Environment minimized!
Outbreaks of mosquito-borne disease reduced
We will still have vector-borne diseases

31. Mosquito Control and Research Unit
IVM - Research
Mosquito Control and Research Unit
Operational Research into innovative and novel tools for intervention to inform Ministry of Health programme

32. IVM – Research - (MCRU)

33. Looking Forward
Continued collaboration under the MCRU as it relates to research
Insecticide Resistance Monitoring Modelling for Vector-borne Diseases (establishment of an early warning system) Behaviour Change

34. IVM- Insecticide Resistance Monitoring

36. IVM - Research

37. Development of an Early Warning System for Arboviruses
IVM-Research
Development of an Early Warning System for Arboviruses
Understanding the Impact of Climate Change Scenarios on Vector-borne Disease transmission

38. Looking Forward Strengthen Intersectorial Collaboration
Review of Vector Control Programme
- Development of the IVM Strategic Plan
- Increasing resources in the vector
- Training and Certiification of staff in public health entomology

39. Looking Forward
Enforcement of the Legislation