1. Colonialism
Nationalism
Apartheid
Pan-African
Movement

2. Only affected South Africa
Lasted from
1948 – 1993
Apartheid
Only affected South Africa
Nelson Mandela was the first black, free, and democratic president of South Africa.
F.W. de Klerk worked to repeal the legal segregation of the races.
African National Congress fought for black African rights; organized strikes and boycotts. Nelson Mandela once led this group.
System of laws in South Africa to separate the races
Mandela was sentenced to life in prison, but only served 27 years.
Nobel Peace Prize in 1993
Black homelands

3. “Martin Luther King, Jr. of South Africa”
F.W. de Klerk
Apartheid
Nelson Mandela
Freedom Day, every April 27th, commemorates the first free, democratic election in South Africa.
“Martin Luther King, Jr. of South Africa”
Process of dividing or separating (African territory)
Colonialism
Fighting within a country or region
The geographical spreading of Africans around the world; living away from your homeland
Pan-African Movement
Movement to gain your own country or free yourself from foreign control
Nationalism
System where a country maintains colonies outside its borders

4. Strong pride in one’s nation, enough so that you want self-rule
Nationalism
When one country controls the government and economy of another country
Colonialism
Movement for all Africans to unify
Pan-African movement
Raw materials that are used to produce goods
Nigeria’s independence from Britain was __________ (peaceful/violent)
Mau Mau
Kenya’s independence from Britain was
_____________ (peaceful/violent)
Jomo Kenyatta
Bob Marley

5. Conflict and fighting affected both Europeans and Africans.
Movements that occur because people in a country seek independence from another power
Nationalism
Conflict and fighting affected both Europeans and Africans.
colonialism
Artificial boundaries cause war and conflict.
Colonialism
One main goal was to get Africans to think of themselves as one people and work together
Pan-African movement
Create a unified political identity
Kenya gains independence in 1963
Nigeria gains independence in 1960
“Scramble for Africa”
Partitioning leads to artificial borders and conflict

6. Political rivalry in Europe
White Man’s Burden
Colonialism
Natural resources
Political rivalry in Europe
Most countries had become independent by the 1960s
Nationalism
Pan-African movement
Educated Africans start these movements, which help one, singular country become independent.
Multi-national movement (around the world)
Continental
Diasporic