1. Treatment of Psychological Disorders

2. Treatment of Psychological Disorders Things to think about....
How have we traditionally treated people with mental health needs?
How are we looking into the future for people with mental health needs?
What might be some changes that will arise in this next decade or two?  
Treatment of Psychological Disorders Things to think about....

3. Psychological Therapies
Module 33
Psychological Therapies

4. ????? What books, movies or tv shows have you seen psychotherapy?
What do you know about psychotherapy?
What is the difference between psychotherapy and biomedical therapy?

5. Psychotherapy
An interaction between a trained therapist and someone who is seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth.
There are over 250 different types of therapy.

6. Four Major Types of Psychotherapy
Most therapies can be divided into:
Psychoanalytic
Humanistic
Behavioral
Cognitive

7. Eclectic Approach
An approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the person’s problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy.
Uses whichever therapy works best for the problem the person has
Crash Course Psychotherapy

8. Psychoanalysis Sheldon the Psychoanalyst (3:20)
Module 33: Psychological Therapies

9. Sigmund Freud ( )
Founder of psychoanalysis, a controversial theory about the workings of the unconscious mind.

10. Psychoanalysis
Goal of  Classic Psychoanalysis: reduce  anxiety & guilt by gaining insight into the unconscious
Attributes our thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflict
Freud and Psychoanalysis (30 mins)

11. Psychoanalytic Assumptions
Module 33: Psychological Therapies

12. Psychoanalysis Assumptions
Psychological problems are the result of repressed conflicts and impulses from childhood.

13. Psychoanalysis Assumptions
The therapist must bring the repressed problems into the conscious mind to help patients have an insight about the original cause of the problem.

14. Module 33: Psychological Therapies
Psychoanalytic Methods Psycho analysis aims to dig up the past to clarify the present by using several different tools. The following methods can be used:
Module 33: Psychological Therapies

15. Free Association
Freudian technique of discovering the unconscious mind--where the patient relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing
Sometimes we hesitate
While freely speaking….

16. Resistance
In psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material. 
The assumption is that 
if we block it, then it is 
causing us conflict

17. Interpretation
In psychoanalysis, the analyst’s noting of ideas of the meaning behind dreams, resistances, and other significant behaviors to promote insight.
The analyst’s ideas of the meaning behind the patient’s dreams (latent content), resistance, and other behaviors

18. Transference
In psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer of strong emotions (such as love or hatred) linked with other relationships to the analyst.
The patient projects feeling from the past to the therapist.
Worksheet on methods

19. Problems with Psychoanalysis
Can important memories be repressed?
Psychoanalysis takes a long time and is very costly
Psychoanalysis does not allow for differing interpretations.

20. Who would be a good candidate for psychoanalysis?
The following personality traits are crucial in determining whether psychoanalysis will be successful: (just write underlined stuff)
1. Motivation: strong internal motivation because it could take several times a week for several years
2. Capacity to form interpersonal relationships: must be able to form, maintain but ultimately detach from an intimate trusting relationship

21. . Capacity for introspection and insight: requires natural curiosity about oneself and self-scrutiny
4. Ego Strength: the person must be able to accept the “rules” of psychoanalysis and be open to painful facts andinterpretations about him or herself. 
Are you?

22. Psychoanalysis: The Psychodynamic Perspective
Module 33: Psychological Therapies

23. Psychoanalytic Influence
Few therapists follow strict Freudian therapy.
Heavily influenced other types of therapy (interpersonal therapy)
Modern approach is the psychodynamic perspective

24. Psychodynamic Perspective
A more modern view that retains some aspects of Freudian theory but rejects other aspects
Retains the importance of the unconscious mind
Less emphasis on unresolved childhood conflicts

25. Interpersonal psychotherapy: session method where therapists try to gain insight into the origin of a problem but they focus more on life now, rather than long ago childhood conflict.
Are you Covered? assignment

26. Are alternative therapies effective?
What are some alternative therapies?
Aromatherpists, reflexologists, anger-release therapists, Reike, Light exposure therapy
Read p. 590
Assignment: What is a new type of therapy that we are seeing emerge?

27. Module 33: Psychological Therapies
Humanistic Therapies
Module 33: Psychological Therapies

28. Humanistic therapy is Nondirective Therapy
Therapist listens without interpreting and does not direct the client (patient) to any particular insight.

29. Carl Rogers ( )
Humanistic psychologist who developed client-centered therapy and
stressed the importance of acceptance, genuineness, and empathy in fostering human growth.

30. Client-Centered Therapy
A humanist therapy, developed by Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate the client’s growth.
The therapy stresses:
Empathy
Acceptance
Genuineness
Rogers in Ten Minutes

31. Active Listening
Empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates and clarifies.
Activity 32.7
(Self-concealment
Scale)

32. Active Listening Characteristics
Active listening entails:
Echoing/Reflecting feelings: mirrors the feelings of the client
Restating/Paraphrasing: uses the words of the client to summarize the conversation
Clarifying: encouraging the client to say more by asking leading questions
Carl meets Gloria

33. Module 33: Psychological Therapies
Behavior Therapies
Module 33: Psychological Therapies

34. Behavior Therapy Behavior Therapy (10 mins)
Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors.
Uses both classical and operant conditioning
Primary concern is to eliminate the disorder’s behavior, not find the cause of the disorder

35. Behavior Therapy
Primary concern is to eliminate the disorder’s behavior, not find the cause of the disorder

36. Behavior Therapies: Classical Conditioning Techniques
Module 33: Psychological Therapies

37. Counterconditioning
A behavior therapy technique that teachers us to associate new responses to places or thing that have in the past triggered unwanted behaviors.
Systematic and aversive conditioning

38. Systematic Desensitization
A type of counterconditioning that associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing, anxiety- triggering stimuli.
Usually used to treat phobias

39. Systematic Desensitization Process
Establish a hierarchy of the anxiety- triggering stimuli
Learning relaxation methods (progressive relaxation)
Slowly think through the hierarchy, working to relax whenever anxiety is felt
Demonstrate this process

40. Systematic Desensitization

41. Systematic Desensitization

42. Systematic Desensitization

43. Systematic Desensitization

44. Systematic Desensitization

45. Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy A newer option
An anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking.
The best way to get over fear (4 min)
virtual reality exposure therapy (6 min)
Using humor in Systematic Desensitization
virtual reality therapy recent

46. Aversive Conditioning
A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol).
The person is replacing a positive but harmful response with a negative response
Example with alcoholism: Lace a drink with a drug that makes the person becomes sick

47. Aversive Conditioning

48. Aversive Conditioning

49. Aversive Conditioning

50. Module 33: Psychological Therapies
Behavior Therapies: Operant Conditioning Techniques Penney Loves Chocolate!
Module 33: Psychological Therapies

51. Token Economy
An operant conditioning procedure that attempts to modify behavior by rewarding desired behavior with some small item.
The tokens can be exchanged for various privileges or treats
Form of secondary reinforcement
Behaviorism and Token Economy

52. Module 33: Psychological Therapies
Cognitive Therapies
Module 33: Psychological Therapies

53. Cognitive Therapy
Therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting.
Based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions

54. Cognitive Therapy
Almost half of all therapist at a university setting use cognitive therapies

55. The best psychological therapy for depression appears to be congnitively based. Why?
Negative thoughts fuel depression, often worsening negative moods
Self-serving bias is absent during depression (blame instead of credit)
Training people to think more positively has been linked with reducing depression
(constructive vs. destructive thoughts)
Activity 32.13: Frequency of Self-reinforcement

56. Cognitive Therapy

57. Cognitive Therapy

58. Cognitive Therapy

59. Cognitive Therapy

60. Cognitive Therapy

61. Cognitive Therapy

62. Self-Serving Bias Tendency to judge oneself favorably
Severely depressed patients tend to not have a self-serving bias and tend to blame themselves for problems and credit the environment for successes
Optimistic explanatory style
How is pessimistic thinking different from optimistic thinking?
Activity 32.13: Frequency of
Self-Reinforcement

63. Pessimistic vs. Optimistic
It is permanent. Belief that bad events become permanent.
It is personal. That bad events are a result of some personal flaw that cannot be changed.
It is pervasive. They believe that a bad event in one area of their life will influence all areas of their life.

64. Cognitive-Behavior Therapy
Integrated therapy that combines changing self-defeating thinking with changing inappropriate behaviors.

65. Family and Group Therapies
Module 33: Psychological Therapies

66. Group Therapy
Having a therapist work with a number of patients at one time
Groups usually consist of 6 to 10 people
Cognitive, behavior, and humanistic therapists all can lead group therapies.

67. Advantage of Group Therapy
Therapists can help more than one person at a time.
Overall session cost is lower.
Patients interact with others having the same problems as they have.
Builds a sense of community

68. Family Therapy
Therapy that views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other members of the family and
attempts to guide the family toward positive relationships and improved communication.

69. Mini Research Assignment
Research and try and find information about a newer or radical or extreme therapy that we have not discussed at length. Be ready to explain this information to your group on __________
What is it, how does it work, how much does it cost, where can you access this, are there any stats on success rates, etc

70. Comparison of Psychotherapies Group Work

71. Comparison of Psychotherapies

72. Comparison of Psychotherapies

73. Comparison of Psychotherapies

74. Comparison of Psychotherapies

75. Comparison of Psychotherapies

76. What is Online Therapy?
Online therapy is the delivery of mental health counseling via the Internet. People also know it as e-therapy, distance therapy, Internet therapy and web therapy. Therapists and online therapy networks use a variety of mediums such as apps for texting, video chatting, voice messaging and audio messaging.

77. Advantages of Online Therapy
Less expensive
No traveling
No stigma(no one see them coming/going)
Can get therapy from comfort of home
More anonymity
Scheduling easier
Are there disadvantages?

78. All therapies offer 3 basic benefits:
Hope for demoralized people
A new perspective
An empathic, trusting, caring relationship
What are some common signs of trouble that may require professional help? p. 601

79. The most common signs of trouble that might require professional help:
Thoughts of suicide
Self-destructive behavior (addictions)
Disruptive fears
Deep and lasting depression
Sudden mood shifts
Compulsive rituals
Page 601 Define the types of therapist and training

80. End of Module Questions:
1. Has your view of therapy changed? Explain.
2. If you were experiencing a mental,relational or social problem, would you seek help from a professional licensed therapist? Why or why not?
3. If you were to see a therapist, which type of therapy would you prefer they follow? Why?

81. The End