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OCEANS 5th grade Amazing Earth
Please keep an eye on the clock. The presentation should take about minutes to allow time for the activity. There are questions posed to the students. To stay on track, you may have to limit the number of answers. Some notes have been included for background or reference. They do not have to be shared, they are simply a tool. Ask students to sit on the carpet. Ask volunteers to set up the activity during the presentation. Thank you for making Amazing Earth possible! Updated 10/1/19
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Oceans cover around 72% of the Earth’s surface
Pacific Ocean – 30% Continents & Islands – 29% Atlantic Ocean – 21% Indian Ocean – 14% Southern Ocean – 4% Arctic Ocean – 3% REVIEW SLIDE then ADVANCE for question and then ADVANCE again for answer OPTIONAL: most of the Earth’s freshwater is frozen in Glaciers and Ice Caps. What percentage of all the Earth’s water is saltwater vs freshwater? 96.5% vs 3.5%
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Deeper than Mt. Everest is tall
Beneath the world's oceans lie rugged mountains, active volcanoes, vast plateaus and almost bottomless trenches. The deepest ocean trenches could easily swallow up the tallest mountains on land. The Mariana Trench, in the Western Pacific Ocean, is the deepest known area of the Earth’s oceans. REVIEW the slide and note to the students: Some important features of the ocean floor include the continental shelf, the continental slope, the continental rise, the abyssal plain (flat area), and ocean trenches. The ocean is divided into five zones though the last three zones are similar in character, and some marine biologists count them as a single zone. We’ll look at them in more detail on the next slide. OPTIONAL: Mt. Everest is the tallest mountain above sea level at 29,035 feet from base to summit. From the base of Mauna Kea, at the bottom of the ocean, to the summit is 33,500 feet. Neither mountain would reach the surface if they were put in the Mariana Trench. How deep is it? 36,000 feet Deeper than Mt. Everest is tall
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Sunlight supports photosynthesis
Most diverse – 90% marine life and plants Contains phytoplankton and zooplankton epipelagic zone temps from 104 to 27 °F Only small amounts of light penetrate No plants Only animals adapted to little light survive Pressure increases with depth mesopelagic zone temps from 41 to 39 °F bathypelagic zone temps 32 to 43 °F Let’s look at the zones in more detail. Plankton are free-floating aquatic organisms. They are usually microscopic and form the basis of the food chain in the ocean. Twilight zone pressure can be up to 1,470 lbs. per sq. inch. In the midnight zone water pressure can be as much as two tons (4000 lbs.) per square inch. 90% of the ocean lies in this zone No light penetrates Water pressure is extreme (2 tons/sq inch) Mostly there are invertebrates like starfish and tube worms but fish, eel & other life exists too
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Coral Reefs Coral reefs are the most diverse of all marine ecosystems
Reefs cover less than 1% percent of the earth’s surface and less than 2% of the ocean bottom YET AMAZINGLY 25% of all ocean species depend on reefs for food & shelter coral reefs are often called the rainforests of the sea
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What is Coral? Coral is not rock. It is live organisms.
These organisms are tiny little animals called polyps that live on the outside of the reef. As the polyps die, they become hard and new polyps grow on top of them causing the reef to grow. Coral reefs form over thousands of years
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While there are hundreds of thousands of known marine life forms, there are many that are yet to be discovered. Some scientists suggest that there could be millions of marine life forms out there Interesting Fact: The Oceans are still mostly unexplored. More people have walked on the moon than have been at the bottom of the Mariana Trench. Twelve people have walked on the moon and three people have been to the bottom of the Mariana Trench.
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What types of Adaptations are there for
Survival and Feeding in the Dark? Bioluminescence ability to create light. It is a chemical reaction inside a light producing organs SAY: Predators in the deep sea must be either very efficient or should be capable of enduring for long periods without food. ASK: Can you think of any adaptations or features that deep sea fish have for survival against the harsh darkness and scarcity of food? ADVANCE for answers. Cookie Cutter Shark. The bioluminescent belly helps the shark lure prey close enough to attack itself via suction Lateral Lines. – the purple marking indicates the lateral line along the fish and the green indicates the water movement Echolocation ability to produce a sound or sonar click that is reflected back when it strikes an object Lateral lines series of tiny sensory organs that help detect the movements and vibrations in the sea
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STRANGE CREATURES OF THE DEEP!
Viperfish Anglerfish Deep Sea Hatchet Fish Goblin Shark Giant Isopod
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Ocean Activity Stations
Three Stations: Sink or Float? A closer look at buoyancy and salinity The Salty Seas: How does salt content affect the weight of seawater? Oh the Pressure! A closer look at the effects of low and high pressure environments Break the students up into three groups to rotate every 7-10 minutes through the stations as remaining time allows.
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