1. Engineering drawing by Auto CAD
University of Technology
Electromechanical Engineering
Course 1
Assistant Professor Dr. Hussain Abdulaziz Abrahem
Engineering drawing by Auto CAD

2. Week 1
This week
Basic Commands
Basic Saving
Basic Printing

3. What is AutoCAD?
AutoCAD is a CAD (Computer Aided Design or Computer Aided Drafting) software application for 2D and 3D design and drafting.

4. Commands
Tool Bar
Pull Down
KEY COMMANDS
From the Key board

5. UNIT 4: AutoCAD Drawing Commands
Objectives:
Be able to identify, describe and/or apply…
AutoCAD tools (Line, polyline, arcs, circles, rectangles, hatch patterns, and gradients)
Methods for entering data (dynamic input, command line, or right-click menu
Methods for ending and repeating a command
Assignments/Quizzes/Tests
4-1 2D Polylines
4-2 AutoCAD Tools
4-3 Hatch Patterns
4-4 Gradients
Unit 4 Test

6. UNIT 4: AutoCAD Drawing Commands (Lines)
Line segments are created by entering starting and end points. They can be entered in the Dynamic Input or the Command Line at the bottom.
NOTE: There are multiple ways of accessing commands in AutoCAD. You can enter data in the command line, dynamic input, or the right-click menu.

7. UNIT 4: AutoCAD Drawing Commands (Lines)
There are several ways to repeat the last command
Right-click menu in drawing area
Press spacebar once
Right-click in command line
NOTE: By pressing the spacebar twice it will automatically connect you to end point of the last line segment drawn

8. UNIT 4: AutoCAD Drawing Commands (Rectangles)
There are several options or commands for creating rectangles. The quickest is to enter the X and Y coordinates.
You may also use the right-click menu and choose Area, Dimensions, or Rotation.
There are also several options in the Command Line. The two most common are Chamfer and Fillet.

9. UNIT 4: AutoCAD Drawing Commands (Circles)
For 2P and 3P circles the points picked will remain on the circle. You can also enter an angle.
Where two lines meet is called the “Point of Tangency”
TTR-Tan,Tan,Radius TTT-Tan, Tan, Tan

10. UNIT 4: AutoCAD Drawing Commands (Ellipse)
Ellipses are drawn by entering the center point, endpoints for each of the two axes, and the rotation angle.
NOTE: When a circle is rotated at an angle is appears as an ellipse. Circles in isometric drawings are circles rotated at 30 degrees

11. UNIT 4: AutoCAD Drawing Commands (Arcs)
There are 11 different methods for creating arcs in AutoCAD. All of them require three specific points. A start point, second point, and endpoint.
The arc commands that begin with “Start” draw arcs in a counterclockwise direction, and must follow the correct sequence.

12. UNIT 4: AutoCAD Drawing Commands (2D Polyline)
A 2D Polyline is a connected sequence of segments created as a single planar object. You can create straight line segments, arc segments, or a combination of the two. You can also change the line width or weight.
NOTE: Arcs are always drawn in counterclockwise direction
NOTE: Remember to use the right-click menu when selecting options

13. UNIT 4: Assignment 4-1: 2D Polylines
Set grid to .75” x .75”
Parking lot arrows. Arrowheads drawn from 0-.75” width. Tail is set at .25” width
Line width is .125”
Line width is .025”
Default line width “0”
NOTE: To set the polyline width back to the default enter “0” for line width

14. UNIT 4: Assignment 4-2: AutoCAD Tools
Set grid to .5”
Fillet radius for triangle is .25”
NOTE: You will use a variety of tools to locate and complete the different line segments. You will also need to turn the grid on and off at times.

15. UNIT 4: AutoCAD Drawing Commands (Hatches & Gradient Fills)
Basic Concepts:
Used to convey information in a drawing. For example you may want to illustrate brick on a building or solid sections of a metal part.
You can add hatches or gradient fills to any object as long as it is a closed object.
You can use the predefined hatch patterns from AutoCAD, create your own or obtain them through a 3rd party (i.e., Internet).
When you apply a hatch pattern you have control over the scale and angle.

16. UNIT 4: AutoCAD Drawing Commands (Hatches & Gradient Fills)
Basic Concepts (Continued):
Hatch patterns are created on the current layer and assume the properties of that layer including color and linetype.
Hatch patterns can be Associative. That means the hatch pattern will adjust if the area is enlarged or reduced.
Hatch patterns can also be Annotative. That means they scale automatically if the scale of the drawing changes.
Hatch Patterns should be created on their own layer

17. UNIT 4: AutoCAD Drawing Commands (Hatches & Gradient Fills)
Pick Points & Select Objects - These are Autocad's two different methods of hatching an area. Using Add Pick points, clicking inside an area (such as a rectangle) will result in the hatch pattern being applied to all blank space within the boundary. Add Select object simply hatches within a selected object.
Great care must be taken to ensure that the area to be hatched is closed, and all line endpoints are meeting each other. If a small gap is left open, the hatch command will fail, usually with the error: Unable to hatch boundary.
Add Pick Points
Add Select objects

18. UNIT 4: Assignment 4-3: Hatch Patterns
Set Grid and Snap to .25”
Hatch Pattern is ANSI 31. Create on separate layer
Create centerlines on separate layer
Create Cutting Plane Line with Polyline Tool
Create one circle and Polar Array

19. Layers In Auto CAD, we make individual layers… For things like
Hidden lines
Center lines
Section lines
Break lines

20. Layers
Layers are a way of managing, tidying and also controlling the visual layout of a drawing.

21. Layers
A whole section of a drawing can be turned on or off, or simply one aspect can be controlled - text for example.

22. Layers
This is all done by using layers within Autocad.

23. What is a Layer
A layer can be thought of as a large piece of clear plastic, as infinitely large as the drawing area in Autocad.

24. What is a Layer
When drawing in Autocad, everything is drawn on the default layer which is set current. Only the objects you are drawing are visible on the layer, the layer itself can never be seen - it is invisible.

25. What is a Layer
Layers are controlled by the layer properties manager button which is located on the object properties toolbar:
Each new layer is created by you, the user. Normally, it is acceptable to have a layer for each different part of a drawing.

26. Layer property manger

27. In Layer Property manger
Add a New Layer - Press the New button to create a new layer. Delete a Layer - Press the delete button to delete the selected layer. Set Current layer - Press the current button to set the selected layer current. All objects drawn will then be drawn on this current layer. Show Details - Press the show details button to see more detailed information about the selected layer. Each layer also has the following options against it:

28. Layer property Manger Name - Displays the layer name.
On - Controls if the layer is on or off. Select the light bulb to turn the layer off on the drawing.
Freeze in all VP - Pressing this will freeze the layer in all viewports as well as the current model view (see lesson 10 to learn about viewports)
Lock - This handy feature locks a layer preventing any content of the layer from being modified.
Colour - Change this to whichever colour you like. All objects drawn on the layer will display the chosen colour provided that the objects colour setting in the object properties toolbar (shown above) is set to 'By Layer'.
Linetype - Set the default linetype for all objects drawn on the layer. i.e continuous, dashed, dotted etc.
Lineweight - Set the thickness a line appears .Default is no thickness. This option can be toggled on/off on the display by the LWT button above the command console.
Plot - Select if the layer will be shown when the drawing is plotted (printed).
The current layer, layer colour, linetype and lineweight can all be controlled outside of the layer properties manager via the object properties toolbar.

29. Drafting Settings
Command DS
Changes Grid
Object Snaps
Polar Tracking

30. Object Snaps Midpoint End point Intersection Extension Center Quadrant
Tangent
Perpendicular
Parallel
Insert
Node

31. Object Snaps
The Object Snaps (Osnaps for short) are drawing aids which are used in conjunction with other commands to help you draw accurately.

32. Object Snaps
Osnaps allow you to snap onto a specific object location when you are picking a point

33. When you are drawing, take a few moments to consider how you will construct each part of the drawing and which Osnaps you will use before starting work. There is always more than one way to draw anything in AutoCAD but the quickest, most accurate and the most efficient way always requires the use of one or more of the Osnap tools

34. Dock the Object Snap toolbar to your drawing window for quick access to the Osnaps. You will be using them all the time, one-click access is essential. See Object Snaps to find out how to display the Object Snap toolbar. To dock the toolbar, click on the toolbar title and drag it to the edge of the drawing window.

35. You will begin to work on
Handed out exercises

36. AutoCAD

37. Modify Commands
The modify tools (from left to right): Erase, Copy, Mirror, Offset, Array, Move, Rotate, Scale, Stretch, Lengthen, Trim, Extend, Break at point, Break, Chamfer, Fillet, Explode

38. Erase
Select this button then a drawing element to erase it permanently from the drawing.

39. Copy
Copy - The copy command will copy any selected drawing elements and reposition where specified by the user, without affecting the original elements.

40. Mirror
Mirror - The mirror command will create a mirror image of any selected drawing elements along any line of symmetry specified by the user.

41. Mirror

42. Mirror

43. Offset
Offset will make a copy of a line or series of selected lines by a specified distance in the direction specified.

44. Offset

45. Array
The array command quickly creates copies of a selected object(s) to a specified spacing..

46. Rectangular Array

47. Rectangular Array

48. Polar Array

49. Polar Array

50. Move
The move command works exactly the same as the copy command described above, except instead of creating a copy of the selected objects, the second objects are moved.

51. Rotate
The rotate command rotates any selected objects about a defined point by the angle specified. By default Autocad will rotate objects anticlockwise when an angle is entered.

52. Scale
The scale command scales the size of a selected object(s) by a defined scale factor from a selected base point. The selected objects can be scaled up to increase size or down to reduce the size.

53. Lengthen
The lengthen command will lengthen a selected line.

54. Lengthen
DE - Delta: Autocad asks for a distance to lengthen the line by, when the line is selected it will then be lengthened by the specified distance ONLY to the side of the line where the line was selected. i.e If when you selected the line, you selected it just to the left of centre, then the left side of the line would be lengthened.

55. Lengthen
P - Percent: Autocad asks for a percent to lengthen by, then asks you to select the line. Specifying 50% would reduce the size of the line by half (The same effect as scaling by a factor of 0.5). Specifying 100% would result in no change in length. 200% would double the length of the line. When specifying the percentage to Autocad only the numerical figure has to be entered and not the percent (%) symbol.

56. Lengthen
T - Total: Autocad asks for the distance you want the entire line to be, when you select the line it will adjust the lines length to the distance specified.

57. Lengthen
DY - Dynamic: Autocad adjusts the length of the line as the mouse is moved in the direction the line is to be lengthened. This is not an accurate technique, although is useful for quickly lengthening construction lines for example.

58. Auto CAD

59. Trim
The trim command is an extremely useful tool which will erase all parts of an object beyond or within its intersection with another object.

60. Trim

61. Extend
The extend command is similar to the trim command in how it functions, except it extends a selected line to a point of intersection of another selected object.

62. Break at Point
The break at point command enables the user to break an object at a specific point, creating two separate objects.

63. Break
The break command is identical to the break at point command, except the break line isn't as neat as break at point.

64. Break

65. Chamfer
The chamfer command will chamfer the intersection of two lines to a specified distance.

66. Chamfer

67. Fillet
The fillet command is very similar to the chamfer command above, except instead of creating a straight line chamfer, Autocad creates a radius between the two points.

68. Fillet

69. Explode
The explode command is very straight forward. It simply breaks down an object down to its basic line entities.

70. ZOOM
AutoCAD's zoom command toolbar:

71. Zoom real time and Pan
Pan Button

72. Zoom real time and Pan
While holding the left mouse button, pull the mouse to the left, right, up or down. Notice how the pan tool reflects these mouse movements on screen so we can move around the screen effortlessly.

73. Starting AutoCAD Should Bring Up the AutoCAD WorkSpace
Turn on one of the rm1618 Computers
DoubleClick the AutoCAD Icon

74. AutoCAD WorkSpace Drawing Area Layer TB Standard TB
Object Properties TB
Modify TB
PullDown Menus
Drawing Area
Drawing TB
Cursor
Command Line
CoOrd Display
Status Line

75. AutoCAD ToolBars: Move/Size
ACAD ToolBars Can Moved and Sized using the Same Techniques as with other MSWindows Applications

76. ReSize CommandLine Box
Resize Using Double-Bar Cursor
Recommend Minimum 2-Lines High

77. Start a NEW Drawing Start a New Drawing by One of
PullDown Menus: File → New...
Type “new” in the Command Line
Using the “QNew” (QuickNew) Tool

78. Select Template Dialog-Box
Appears After the New File Command(s)
A Template is a Standard format
For Now Suggest Using the acad.dwt Template
Click Open to Start the New Drawing

79. Name & Save Drawing
Opening a NEW Drawing Results in a Default Name of DrawingN.dwg
Naming AutoCAD Files
NOT Case Sensitive
Any Combination of Letters and Numbers
Also Allowed = $, -, _
Not Allowed = \, /, %, *
Use File → Save or The Save-Tool to Give the Dwg a new Name

80. AutoCAD Drawing Units “ACAD” Has Five Unit-Systems
Each has Five Formatting Parameters
To Adjust the Unit System Use the PullDown Menu
Format → Units...

81. Format Units The Drawing Units Dialog Box
In ENGR22 We will Typically Use for Length Units
Type → Decimal
Insertion Scale → one of
Inches (in or “)
Millimeters (mm)
Precision
in → 0.00 or 0.000
mm → 0 or 0.00

82. Format Units cont In ENGR22 We will Typically Use for Angle Units
Type → Decimal Degree
Precision → 0 or 0.0
CounterClockwise

83. Standard Paper Sheet Sizes
USA Standards (in)
A = 8.5x11 (1.29 AR)
B = 11x17 (1.55 AR)
C = 17x22 (1.29 AR)
D = 22x34 (1.55 AR)
E = 34x44 (1.29 AR)
Notes
Nice, Round No.s
Inconsistent Aspect Ratios (ARs)
ISO 216 Paper (mm)
A4 = 210x297 (1.41 AR)
A3 = 297x420 (1.41 AR)
A2 = 420x594 (1.41 AR)
A1 = 594x841 (1.41 AR)
A0 = 841x1189 (1.41 AR)
Notes
UNround Numbers
Constant Aspect Ratio = 2

84. Drawing Limits Example: Set Drawing Limits
Open a New Drawing using acad.dwt
Use the PullDown Menu: Format → Drawing Limits...
Drawing Limits
In ENGR22 HardCopy Output will done on “A-size” (8.5” x 11”) Paper
ACAD Drawing Limits set the Boundaries
The “Limits” Usually Set to Match the Paper Size

85. Drawing Limits cont
Brings up notation in Command Line
Enter 11, 8.5 and hit Enter to set the Upper Right Limit
Accept the Lower-Left at <0.0000, 0.000> by hitting Enter
Brings the Next Query into the Command Line

86. Grid & Snap acadiso.dwt Grid set to 10 mm Snap set to 20mm
Limits (420,297)
Grid set to 10 mm
Snap set to 20mm

87. Example → 1st Drawing Fire up AutoCAD
Make a new Drawing using acad.dwt
Save the File as YourName-01.dwg
e.g.; BMayer-01.dwg
Make a NEW LAYER Called “Object”
Click

88. 1st Drawing cont Pick the GREEN Box and then click OK Type “Object”
Click “Color → white”

89. 1st Drawing cont Hit the Save tool
Set the “Object” Layer to Current
Use the drawing Tools to make some Shapes & Lines that Fill a significant Portion of the screen
Double click the “Status” box
Set the “Object” Layer to Current using Status box
Click OK

90. 1st Drawing cont
Save Again
Drawing ToolBar

91. 1st Drawing cont
Use the Pull Down Menu: Draw → Text → Multiline Test...
Drag the mouse to
form an “MTEXT” Box
Activates the “Text Formatting” Box
In the Format Box Change the Text Size to 15-25
Or Whatever fits your dwg

92. 1st Drawing cont
Change to 25
MTEXT Box

93. 1st Drawing cont Click in Inside the MTEXT Box and Type Your HW-ID
Fname Lname
Date
Class ID = ENGR22
HW ID = HW-nn
Click OutSide the MTEXT Box to DeActivate
Hit Save, yet again

94. 1st Drawing cont In the Command Line type zoom, then Hit Enter
At the Query Prompt the letter “e” (for “extents”) Then Hit Enter
Your Drawing will Zoom in to Fill the Screen

95. 1st Drawing cont
zoom → extents

96. 1st Drawing cont Use the PullDown Menu: File → Plot
Activates the Plot Dialog Box

97. 1st Drawing cont
ASK the CAD-Lab Supervisor about the PROPER Settings to Obtain an A-Size (8.5x11) PrintOut
In the Print Dialog Box click OK
Pick up your Copy and you’re done