1. Welcome to AP US history!
Get out a piece of paper
Write your name
Any questions you have about US history/ or area you are interested in learning about
Is there anything interesting about you I should know?
What is your spirit animal?
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2. Draw a Mental Map of the United States
Include important locations
land features
human features
Any other important data you can think of

6. Rivers St. Lawrence R. Columbia R. Missouri R. Hudson R. Potomac R.
Mississippi R.
Ohio R.
Colorado R.
Arkansas R.
Rio Grande R.
Yukon R.

7. Atlantic Coastal Plains
Great Basin
Central Plains
Atlantic Coastal Plains
Gulf Coastal Plains

8. Deserts
Death Valley
Mohave Desert

11. Linguistic Map

14. CONTACT: Europeans and American Indians

15. I.    Overview—big ideas
Prior to 1492, American Indians in the Western Hemisphere had developed a wide variety of civilizations and cultural groups By 1600 Europeans had created the world’s first truly global economy. The "age of discovery" resulted in the greatest human catastrophe the world has ever known: 90% of American Indians died by 1600; slavery of tens of millions of Africans. Cultural differences between European and American Indians were so immense that major conflicts occurred in the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries. Summary of relations between the three major colonial powers in America and the American Indians - Spain sought to Christianize and control the Indians (through the encomienda and mission systems) - The French sought to establish strong trade relations with the American Indians; Jesuits sought to convert them. - English settlers often sought to either move Indians westward or annihilate them.

17. II. Native Americans (American Indians)
Population in 1491: million (present: 10 mil)
Arrived 40,000 and 20,000 years ago
Via the Bering straight
New research and different theories
By 8,000 BCE humans had spread across the continent

20. II. Native Americans (American Indians)
Developed Civilizations
Aztecs, Mayan’s, Inca: complex agricultural societies
Corn and potatoes vital
North American natives less developed
Semi sedentary, incredibly diverse
Chinook fishermen
great plains farmers and nomads (Tipis)
“the three sisters:” Maize, Squash, Beans
Matrilineal and Matrilocal
No real individual property, antithetical to capitalism
Extensive trade

22. II. Native Americans (American Indians)
G. Civilized societies
Pueblo Indians: corn, southwest,
Mound builders: Mississippian/ Cahokia
Southeast American Indians: Creeks, Choctaw, Chickasaws, Cherokees
Eastern Woodlands Indians: Iroquois, “longhouse”, Algonquin
H. Religious differences
Christian View= god gave man dominion over the world
Indian view= no concept of heaven, emphasis on nature
Conflicting views on sacrifice
Differences in war
Ritual war Vs. Total war
Assimilation of captured common
Torture and sacrifice common
European weapons intensified native conflicts

24. III. European Empires The age of Discovery Portugal
European internal competition
Made worse by catholic protestant divide
New technology- gunpowder, cartography, Caravel= lateen sail, axial rudder, astrolabe, sextant
Economics- markets and mercantilism, missionary zeal, and optimism
Portugal
Brazil, Amerigo Vespucci
Trading post empire
First to introduce slavery

25. 1500’s

27. III. European Empires C. The Spanish empire Columbus
Treaty of Tordesillas 1494
Spanish Conquistadores
Cortes
Pizarro
ST. Augustine 1565
Spanish Views- Bartolome de las Cass, “Black Legend”, Juan De Sepulveda
Castas system- Creoles, Mulatto, Mestizo

29. IV. French exploration in North America
A. French exploration was largely stimulated by the beaver trade

30. V. England's search for Empire
A. Major causes leading to English colonial impulse
1. Eventual peace with Spain
2. Population growth; high unemployment.
3. New World had economic opportunity, farm land, adventure, markets, political freedom, religious freedom, social change.
4. Joint-stock companies.
B. English attempts to colonize in the late-16th century
  In 1583, Sir Humphrey Gilbert attempted to colonize Newfoundland  
2. Roanoke: 1585, Sir Walter Raleigh

32. VI. The Columbian Exchange
A. For American Indians 1. Mass death and genocide: By 1600, nearly 90% of Native American population perished. 2. European impact on American Indian culture: a. Great Plains tribes b. Cattle and swine provided major new food sources. c. Intensified warfare among American Indians

33. VI. The Columbian Exchange
B. For Europeans
1. Global empires for the first time in human history.
2. Explosion of capitalism (Commercial Revolution)
3. Revolution in diet
                a. Corn, beans, tomatoes, and potatoes lead to improved diet = higher life expectancy = higher population = bigger push for emigration.

35. Major Concepts for Review:
1. Native American civilization a. Societies more highly developed in Mesoamerica and South America; North American Indians were mostly semi-sedentary. b. Important North American tribes: Pueblo, Iroquois Confederacy, Algonquin 2. The Columbian Exchange a. Destruction of American Indian population (90% by 1600) b. Introduction of cattle and horses revolutionized some American Indian cultures. c. Europeans saw global empires for the first time, the rise of capitalism, and a revolution in diet. 3. Summary of Native relations a. Spanish: sought to Catholicize, control and use Indians for forced labor (mission system, encomienda) b. French: sought trade relations with Indians; Jesuits sought to convert them to Catholicism c. English: sought to remove Indians or exterminate them.

36. Next week: The 13 colonies and the British empire1607-1754