1. Astronomy: the science of the stars
Unit 4
Astronomy: the science of the stars

2. How did life begin on earth?

3. Pre-reading
Each religion or culture has its own ideas about how life began on the earth. What do you know?

4. Christians believe ______ creates the world.
God

5. The Bible
Day 1: God spoke and separated light from darkness creating Day and Night.
Day 2: God spoke and separated the water creating sky and ocean.
Day 3: God spoke and created dry land.
Day 4: God spoke and created the sun, moon and stars.
Day 5: God spoke and created living things in the air and sea.
Day 6: God spoke and created the land animals and man.
Day 7: God rested.

6. In China, it is believed that _______ separates the sky from the earth and _______ creates humans with mud.
Pangu
Nuwa

7. Pangu separated the earth and sky with an ax
Pangu separated the earth and sky with an ax. After he died, his breath became wind and cloud; his voice became thunder and his left eye sun and right one moon; arms and legs became edges and mountains; blood became rivers and tendon (筋脉) became roads; muscles became fields and hair stars; teeth and bones became metals, pearls and jade; sweat became rain.

8. In ______, Brahman (梵天) is the first god in the Hinduism
In ______, Brahman (梵天) is the first god in the Hinduism . He is the creator of the universe and all living beings are said to have developed from him.
India

9. What’s the scientific idea?

10. 2. What information can we get from picture 1 and picture 2 ?
Task 1 : Prediction
Read the title and look at the pictures. Predict what the reading will be about.
1.According to the title, the passage is possibly organized ______. A. in order of time .   B. in order of frequency.
C. in order of preference.    D. in order of space.
2. What information can we get from picture 1 and picture 2 ? A

11. 古生代
中生代
新生代

12. Task 2 : Skimming
Read the passage quickly and analyze its structures. Match the main idea with each paragraph.

13. Paragraph 1:
The importance of water for life
A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universe
Paragraph 2:
Paragraph 3:
The formation of the earth
The arrival of humans and their effect on the earth
Paragraph 4:
The development of plants and animals on the earth
Paragraph 5:

14. Task 3 : Scanning
Scan the passage and put the order of development of life into a timeline.

15. 1. Insects and amphibians appeared8
2. Dinosaurs appeared 10
3. The earth became a solid ball 3
4. Small plants grew on the water 5
5. Reptiles appeared 9
6. Plants began to grow on dry land 7
7. The earth was a cloud of dust 2
8. Water appeared on the earth 4
9. Shellfish and other fish appeared 6
10. The universe began with a “Big Bang” 1
11. Clever animals with hands and feet appeared 12
12. Mammals appeared 11

16. Task 4 : Careful Reading
How life began on the earth is a problem concerned with chemistry and biology.
①Suppose you are an expert on chemistry. Try to fill in the blank.
After the _____________, ______ began to form and combine to create star and other bodies. Dust settled into ___________. It became so ________ that it exploded to produce ________, ________, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth’s ____________. At the same time, _____, which helped dissolve _________gases and _______, appeared on its surface.
big bang
atoms
a solid globe
violent
carbon
nitrogen
atmosphere
water
harmful
acids

17. A cloud of dust
A solid ball
Water
Atmosphere

18. ②Suppose you are an expert on biology. Try to fill in the blank.
The first small plants on the surface of the water produced_______ . Early _______ and all sorts of fish appeared. Next, Green plants began to grow on land. Insects and___________ appeared. Later________ appeared and they produced their young by ___________. Among them, _________ were the hugest. They ________ on the earth for more than 140 million years. After their disappearance, mammals rose and ___________ baby animals. About 2.6 million years ago
Some small ______ animals with hands and feet appeared and spread all over the earth.They were called _____________ and they would become the most important animals in the world.
oxygen
shellfish
amphibians
reptiles
laying eggs
dinosaurs
existed
gave birth to
clever
human beings

19. plants in the water
shellfish and fish
plants on land
reptiles
insects and amphibians
mammals

20. Task 5 :
If we want to move to live on the Mars, what factors (因素) should we take into consideration?

21. Mass(质量)
6.42×1023 kg
5.98×1024 kg
Radius(半径)
3395 km
6371 km
Average Temperature
-55 ℃
15℃
Rotation(自转)
Period
24h 37m
23h 56m
Revolution(公转)
687 days
365 days
Atmosphere
CO2(95%)
N2(78%) O2(21%)

22. Mars
225 million kilometers
v=58000 km/h
Earth
t=3880 h (162 days)

23. Volunteer Wanted Some volunteers are wanted to move to the Mars.
Conditions:
Age: Above 16
Sex: Male & Female
Nationality: All countries
Body: Healthy
Requirement:
①Make a full preparation that there is almost no chance to return to the earth
②Keep a good relationship with others …