1. Mechanism of action studies using paenimucillin C (4F).
Mechanism of action studies using paenimucillin C (4F). (a) Among strains resistant to 4F, genome sequencing identified common mutations in three genes (pla1, pld, and pgsA) within the cell membrane phospholipid metabolism network. Abbreviations: CDP-DAG, CDP diacylglycerol, CL, cardiolipin; G3P, glycerol-3-phosphate; LPA, lysophosphatidic acid; PA, phosphatidic acid; PS, phosphatidylserine. Panels b and c show results from permeability assays using DIBAC4 (b) and SYTOX (c), fluorescent dyes for probing membrane depolarization and pore formation, respectively. Polymyxin and Triton X-100 serve as positive controls for membrane depolarization and pore formation, respectively.
Xavier Vila-Farres et al. mSphere 2018; doi: /mSphere