1. Diagnosing HFpEF: What Every Cardiologist Needs to Know

3. HFpEF: Incidence, Prevalence and Outcomes

4. HFpEF: Why Is It So Difficult to Diagnose?

5. Challenges of the HFpEF Diagnosis

6. Heart Failure Definition

7. Similar Signs and Symptoms to HFrEF

8. Objective Evidence for Defining HFpEF

9. Confusion With the Diagnosis of HFpEF

10. Diagnostic Barriers for GPs in Diagnosing HF

11. Diagnosing HFpEF: Referral to the Cardiologist

12. Use of Stress Echocardiography and Right Heart Cath to Diagnose HFpEF

13. Consider Underlying Etiology in HFpEF

14. AF and HFpEF: Vicious Twins -- Diagnosis

15. AF and HFpEF: Vicious Twins -- Treatment

16. Assessment of BNP in AF and HFpEF Trials

17. H2FPEF Scoring

18. HFpEF: Low vs High BNP

19. Pathophysiology and Shared Mechanisms of HFpEF and AF

20. Ways to Improve the Process for Earlier Diagnosis of HFpEF

21. Conclusions: Take-Home Messages

22. Abbreviations

23. Abbreviations (cont)