1. Aim: How was the U.S. Constitution ratified?
Do Now:
What is the significance of signing your name to a document?
What message are you sending when you sign your name?
What message are you sending when you refuse to sign your name?

2. What is the significance of signing your name to a document?
What message are you sending when you sign your name?
What message are you sending when you refuse to sign your name?

3. Federalist and Anti-federalist Graphic Organizer

4. What was Hamilton’s position on representation?
What was Smith’s position?
What arguments did they make in support of their claims?

5. Based on these arguments, what type of people would you guess tended to be Federalists?
Based on these arguments, what type of people would you guess tended to be Anti-federalists?

6. I. The Great Debate
A. September 17, 1787: 39 delegates signed the US Constitution (some refused)
1. 9/13 states needed to ratify – conventions were called in each state

8. B. Two groups formed: The Federalists & The Anti-Federalists
1. Federalists: wanted a strong national government to provide order & protect rights
(a) George Washington, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton

9. 2. Anti-Federalists: wanted a weak national government to ensure that the rights of the people and powers of the states were not threatened
(a) George Mason, Patrick Henry, George Clinton

10. C. Bill of Rights:
1. Anti-Federalists: wanted a bill of rights added to the Constitution to protect people’s natural rights.
2. Federalists: argued that a bill of rights wasn’t necessary because government was limited by the Constitution but later agreed to add it (1st ten amendments)

11. D. The Federalist Papers: series of 85 pro-ratification essays written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, & James Madison – appeared in New York newspapers

12. E. 1790: Rhode Island becomes the last of the 13 states to ratify – Federalists win

13. Amendment
Freedom or Right
Amendment #1:
Freedom of speech, of the press, of religion, and the right to petition and assemble.
Amendment #2:
Right to keep and bear arms. (Possess firearms)
Amendment #3:
People do not have to allow soldiers in their homes during peacetime
Amendment #4:
No unreasonable search and seizure without a search warrant
Amendment #5:
Guarantees that no one may be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of the law (Cannot be tried twice for the same crime (Double Jeopardy) and people do not have to testify against themselves)
Amendment #6:
Right to a speedy trial with witnesses and be defended by a lawyer.
Amendment #7:
Right to a jury trial in civil cases
Amendment #8:
No excessive bail or fines or cruel punishment
Amendment #9:
Rights of citizens are not limited to these listed rights.
(Americans have rights not listed in the Constitution.)
Amendment #10:
Declares that powers not given to the national government belong to the states or to the people. (Education, Marriages, Driving Laws, etc…)

14. Amendment
Year Ratified
Subject
Amendment #11:
1795
Lawsuits against states
Amendment #12:
1804
Separate voting for President and Vice-President
Amendment #13:
1865
Abolishes slavery
Amendment #14:
1868
Equal protection under the law
Amendment #15:
1870
All men get the right to vote - including ex-slaves
Amendment #16:
1913
Federal Income Tax can be collected
Amendment #17:
Direct election of United States Senators
Amendment #18:
1919
Prohibition of Alcohol in the United States (Volstead Act)
Amendment #19:
1920
All women have the right to vote
Amendment #20:
1933
January 20 is the day the new president takes office
Amendment #21
Repealed the 18th Amendment
Amendment #22
1951
President can only serve two terms in office
Amendment #23
1961
Electoral Votes given to Washington D.C.
Amendment #24
1964
Abolition of poll taxes
Amendment #25
1967
Presidential disability and succession
Amendment #26
1971
Voting age lowered from 21 to 18
Amendment #27
1992
Congressmen cannot vote to give themselves a raise in the same term

15. If you could have chosen, what side would you have supported?
Closing Question:
If you could have chosen, what side would you have supported?