1. Attendance does count for part of your grade. SIGN THE SHEET!
Friendly Reminder:
Attendance does count for part of your grade. SIGN THE SHEET!

2. Terminology Quiz
Want to see your quiz and grade? (HINT: use as study guide for final exam)
See GTA Keely Parker (PAC M 203)
to arrange a pick up:

3. MUL 2720 - World Music Asia / India (last day?)
10/23/2019
Titon – Chapter 6
Asia / India (last day?)
21 February Day 14

4. Indian Classical Performance
Improvisation (not pre-composed)
Pitch – based on Raga (scales, but more
Rhythm – based on Tala (meters, but more)
Process of “unfolding” the Raga - movement from low to high - rhythmic movement from slow to fast
21 February Day 14 4

5. Organization of Group Improvisation
Alap – opening section, free rhythm (no drums), establishes the Raga
Jor (Jod) – drums enter, regular rhythm (Tala) established
Jahla – fast, virtuosic concluding section
Gat – fixed (pre-composed) tune featured in last section [OPTIONAL]
21 February Day 14 5

6. Some Concert Performances
Nat Bhairav - Alap, Jor, Jhalla, and Vilimbit Teental Gat
Shahid Parvez - sitar - Rag Bageshree - Alap, Jor and Jhala - (part 1/2)
Ustad Shahid Parvez - sitar - Rag Bageshree - (part 2/2) [Ektal]
Raga Yaman, Alaap, Jor, Jhala [Bansuri, no tabla]
Evening Program, Shubhendra Rao Concert at Sahastrara Puja, Cabella, Italy (to c. 1:06)

7. Karnatak/Carnatic Improvisation
MUL World Music
10/23/2019
Karnatak/Carnatic Improvisation
Lecture Demonstration at Berklee College of Music, Boston, USA (start c. 10:30)
Svaralankara - 9th Annual Music Festival Carnatic Vocal by Yoga Keerthana
Carnatic improvisation by Sanjana Narayanan
Amazing Carnatic music | Shanmukhapriya | Aruna Sairam at Darbar Festiva
21 February Day 14

8. The North (reminder) Hindustani – Northern tradition
But influenced by Islamic values
Music as sensual pleasure (dangerous)
Low status of musicians
Guilds & professionalization
oral transmission (secrecy)
Master (Ustad)
Tansen – court musician of North
5 February Day 13
21 February Day 14 8 8

9. The South (reminder) Karnatak/Carnatic – Southern tradition
Traditional Hindu values
Association w/ Rig-Veda - high status of musicians - vocal music most highly valued
No secrecy = written composition
Master (Guru)
Tayagaraja (amateur)
5 February Day 13
12 February Day 15 9 9 9

10. South Indian Music Strong ties between religion and music
NOT “religious” per se, but derives from origins of music in chanting of the Vedas
Bhajan – religious devotional song
- emphasis on symmetry
- use of call and response
Examples
- "Gopala Giridhara Bala" (Bengal ruler c. 750 CE)
- "Jaya Shri Ganesha Vighna Nasha Gajanana“ [removes obstacles, god of beginnings, elephant head] (Lyrics w/ translation)

11. Karnatak and Dance Unotated music tied to physical gesture
Dancer uses hands, body movement, etc. to interpret song’s lyrics
EX. “Krishna Nee Begane Baro” - God Krishan reincarnated as a baby - Tala = misra chapu (7) - Raga = Yamuna Kalyani
Krishna Nee Begane Baro- Higgins [vocal]
Smt.Balasaraswathi-Krishna Nee Begane

12. Kriti (Karnatak Song) Composed, but NOT notated (oral tradition)
Opens w/ Alapana (improvised)
Tanam for Violin (improvised)
Kriti in Adi Tal ( ) (c. 6:00) - Mridangam enters - Singer begins (lyrics on p. 322 in textbook)
Improvisation on syllables (c. 9:00)
SARASIRUHA NAYANE
See Textbook (p ) & publisher website for additional example (w/ listening guide)

13. “Devi Niye Tunai” Another Kriti (South Indian Classical Song)
Composed in 20th C
Form (see textbook, p )
- Alapana (very short!)
- Pallavi (Mridangam enters, song begins)
- Anupallavi (same music, new text)
- Charanam (new section, increase tempo, 2:25)
- Improvisation (?), then drum signals end
“Devi neeye thunai”
Compare w/ web site version & textbook outline

14. Popular Music in India “Cine songs” [“Cinema” = motion pictures]
“Bollywood” – Indian film industry
Pop song(s) inserted into plot
Galatta Kalyanam (1968, Tamil language) - well received (critics & audiences) 7.8/10 (IMDB)
Galatta kalyanam - Full Movie (Confused Wedding)
Song: “Engal Kalyanam” (textbook, ) - Western instruments (pop, electronic, etc.) - verse – chorus format
Woody Woodpecker (cf. 1:10 in song)

15. A “Recent” Cine Song
Kadhalan (1994, Tamil language) - comedy-drama-thriller - numerous Indian film awards
Kadhalan Tamil Full Movie
Regular college boy falls in love w/ rich girl - she’s the governor’s daughter - add in terrorists and bombs
Mixed cultures – Western / Indian (languages)
"Urvasi Urvasi“ (“Take it easy”)
will.i.am: “It’s My Birthday” (2014 sample!)

16. West borrows from India
Numerous Western scholars, musicians, etc. - travel to India - hear & study Indian music
Ravi Shankar, et al., performing in the West
Beatles: “Norwegian Wood” (G. Harrison)
Beatles: “Love You To” (G. Harrison)
Rolling Stones: “Paint it Black” (B. Jones)
Mahavishnu Orchestra (John McLaughlin, guitar & leader): “Birds of Fire” (1973), Mahavishnu Orchestra