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Attendance does count for part of your grade. SIGN THE SHEET!
Friendly Reminder: Attendance does count for part of your grade. SIGN THE SHEET!
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Terminology Quiz Want to see your quiz and grade? (HINT: use as study guide for final exam) See GTA Keely Parker (PAC M 203) to arrange a pick up:
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MUL 2720 - World Music Asia / India (last day?)
10/23/2019 Titon – Chapter 6 Asia / India (last day?) 21 February Day 14
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Indian Classical Performance
Improvisation (not pre-composed) Pitch – based on Raga (scales, but more Rhythm – based on Tala (meters, but more) Process of “unfolding” the Raga - movement from low to high - rhythmic movement from slow to fast 21 February Day 14 4
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Organization of Group Improvisation
Alap – opening section, free rhythm (no drums), establishes the Raga Jor (Jod) – drums enter, regular rhythm (Tala) established Jahla – fast, virtuosic concluding section Gat – fixed (pre-composed) tune featured in last section [OPTIONAL] 21 February Day 14 5
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Some Concert Performances
Nat Bhairav - Alap, Jor, Jhalla, and Vilimbit Teental Gat Shahid Parvez - sitar - Rag Bageshree - Alap, Jor and Jhala - (part 1/2) Ustad Shahid Parvez - sitar - Rag Bageshree - (part 2/2) [Ektal] Raga Yaman, Alaap, Jor, Jhala [Bansuri, no tabla] Evening Program, Shubhendra Rao Concert at Sahastrara Puja, Cabella, Italy (to c. 1:06)
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Karnatak/Carnatic Improvisation
MUL World Music 10/23/2019 Karnatak/Carnatic Improvisation Lecture Demonstration at Berklee College of Music, Boston, USA (start c. 10:30) Svaralankara - 9th Annual Music Festival Carnatic Vocal by Yoga Keerthana Carnatic improvisation by Sanjana Narayanan Amazing Carnatic music | Shanmukhapriya | Aruna Sairam at Darbar Festiva 21 February Day 14
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The North (reminder) Hindustani – Northern tradition
But influenced by Islamic values Music as sensual pleasure (dangerous) Low status of musicians Guilds & professionalization oral transmission (secrecy) Master (Ustad) Tansen – court musician of North 5 February Day 13 21 February Day 14 8 8
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The South (reminder) Karnatak/Carnatic – Southern tradition
Traditional Hindu values Association w/ Rig-Veda - high status of musicians - vocal music most highly valued No secrecy = written composition Master (Guru) Tayagaraja (amateur) 5 February Day 13 12 February Day 15 9 9 9
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South Indian Music Strong ties between religion and music
NOT “religious” per se, but derives from origins of music in chanting of the Vedas Bhajan – religious devotional song - emphasis on symmetry - use of call and response Examples - "Gopala Giridhara Bala" (Bengal ruler c. 750 CE) - "Jaya Shri Ganesha Vighna Nasha Gajanana“ [removes obstacles, god of beginnings, elephant head] (Lyrics w/ translation)
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Karnatak and Dance Unotated music tied to physical gesture
Dancer uses hands, body movement, etc. to interpret song’s lyrics EX. “Krishna Nee Begane Baro” - God Krishan reincarnated as a baby - Tala = misra chapu (7) - Raga = Yamuna Kalyani Krishna Nee Begane Baro- Higgins [vocal] Smt.Balasaraswathi-Krishna Nee Begane
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Kriti (Karnatak Song) Composed, but NOT notated (oral tradition)
Opens w/ Alapana (improvised) Tanam for Violin (improvised) Kriti in Adi Tal ( ) (c. 6:00) - Mridangam enters - Singer begins (lyrics on p. 322 in textbook) Improvisation on syllables (c. 9:00) SARASIRUHA NAYANE See Textbook (p ) & publisher website for additional example (w/ listening guide)
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“Devi Niye Tunai” Another Kriti (South Indian Classical Song)
Composed in 20th C Form (see textbook, p ) - Alapana (very short!) - Pallavi (Mridangam enters, song begins) - Anupallavi (same music, new text) - Charanam (new section, increase tempo, 2:25) - Improvisation (?), then drum signals end “Devi neeye thunai” Compare w/ web site version & textbook outline
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Popular Music in India “Cine songs” [“Cinema” = motion pictures]
“Bollywood” – Indian film industry Pop song(s) inserted into plot Galatta Kalyanam (1968, Tamil language) - well received (critics & audiences) 7.8/10 (IMDB) Galatta kalyanam - Full Movie (Confused Wedding) Song: “Engal Kalyanam” (textbook, ) - Western instruments (pop, electronic, etc.) - verse – chorus format Woody Woodpecker (cf. 1:10 in song)
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A “Recent” Cine Song Kadhalan (1994, Tamil language) - comedy-drama-thriller - numerous Indian film awards Kadhalan Tamil Full Movie Regular college boy falls in love w/ rich girl - she’s the governor’s daughter - add in terrorists and bombs Mixed cultures – Western / Indian (languages) "Urvasi Urvasi“ (“Take it easy”) will.i.am: “It’s My Birthday” (2014 sample!)
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West borrows from India
Numerous Western scholars, musicians, etc. - travel to India - hear & study Indian music Ravi Shankar, et al., performing in the West Beatles: “Norwegian Wood” (G. Harrison) Beatles: “Love You To” (G. Harrison) Rolling Stones: “Paint it Black” (B. Jones) Mahavishnu Orchestra (John McLaughlin, guitar & leader): “Birds of Fire” (1973), Mahavishnu Orchestra
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