1. The Unification of China
Section 4
The Unification of China
The social disorder of the warring states contributes to the development of three Chinese ethical systems.
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2. I see…
I think…
I wonder…

4. Talk/Turn:
With a table partner think of some other examples of government workers that we can find in our society

5. Confucian Ideas About Government
SECTION 4
Confucius and the Social Order
Confucian Ideas About Government
• Teachings become foundation for bureaucracy,
a trained civil service of skilled gov. workers
• Confucianism teaches respect for parents/ancestors and strong relationships
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6. OR Other Ethical Systems Daoists Seek Harmony
SECTION 4
Other Ethical Systems
Daoists Seek Harmony
• Daoism philosophy is to understand natural order and be free of desire
• Daoists influence sciences, alchemy, astronomy,
medicine
Legalists Urge Harsh Rule
• Legalism emphasizes the use of law to restore order; stifles criticism
• Teaches that obedience should be rewarded,
disobedience punished OR
Continued . . .
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7. Yin and Yang • Concept of yin and yang—two powers represent
SECTION 4
Other Ethical Systems
Yin and Yang
• Concept of yin and yang—two powers represent
rhythm of universe
• Yin: cold, dark, soft, mysterious; yang: warm, bright,
hard, clear
• I Ching and yin and yang explain how people fit into
the world
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9. The Qin Dynasty Unifies China
SECTION 4
The Qin Dynasty Unifies China
The Qin Dynasty
• Qin Dynasty replaces Zhou Dynasty in third
century B.C.
A New Emperor Takes Control
• Emperor Shi Huangdi unifies China, defeats invaders, crushes opposition, conquers new lands
• With legalist prime minister, murders Confucian scholars, burns books!
• Establishes an autocracy, a government with
unlimited power (rule of one)
Continued . . .
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10. SECTION 4
continued The Qin Dynasty Unifies China
Great Wall of China
• Emperor forces peasants to build Great Wall to keep
out invaders
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11. Han Emperors in China Section 3
The Han Dynasty expands China’s borders and develops a system of government that lasts for centuries.
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12. The Han Restore Unity to China
SECTION 3
The Han Restore Unity to China
Troubled Empire
• In Qin Dynasty peasants resent high taxes and harsh labor, rebel
Liu Bang Founds the Han Dynasty
• Han Dynasty—begins in 202 B.C., lasts 400 years
• Liu Bang establishes centralized government—a central authority rules
• Liu Bang lowers taxes and reduces Legalism's punishments to keep people happy
Continued . . .
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13. Han Technology, Commerce, and Culture
SECTION 3
Han Technology, Commerce, and Culture
Technology Revolutionizes Chinese Life
• Invention of paper in A.D. 105 helps spread education
• Two-bladed plow & wheelbarrow improve farming
Agriculture Versus Commerce
• As population grows, farming regarded as important activity
• Techniques for producing silk become state secret as profits increase
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14. Tang and Song China Section 1
During the Tang and Song dynasties, China
experiences an era of prosperity and technological
innovation.
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15. Government Workers in Action! Great wages and benefits!

16. Strong Government The Tang Lose Power
SECTION 1
continued The Tang Dynasty Expands China
Strong Government
• Tang rulers revive civil service examination system
Growth of a strong governing group of citizens
• Technically, exams open to all men, even
commoners
• Practically, only rich can afford necessary education to take exam
The Tang Lose Power
• Tang rulers increase taxes in mid-700s, causing
hardship
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17. An Era of Prosperity and Innovation
SECTION 1
An Era of Prosperity and Innovation
Growth
• Population doubles during Tang and Song
Dynasties to 100 million
• China becomes most populous country in the world
Science and Technology
• Chinese invent compass for the seas, mechanical clock, paper money
• Movable type—blocks of individual characters— makes printing easier by using same letters to re- print something else
Agriculture
• Advances in farming contribute to population growth
• Main advance: new strain of rice that produces two crops a year
Continued . . .
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18. Changes in Chinese Society
SECTION 1
Changes in Chinese Society
Levels of Society
• Power of noble families fades
• Wealthy scholar-officials form new upper class, called the gentry
• Laborers, soldiers, peasants at bottom of social structure
The Status of Women
• Status of women always lower than men in China
• Foot binding of upper-class girls becomes new custom
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