1. IOT INTERNET OF THINGS

2. DEFINITION a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers (UIDs) and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human to pc. The Internet of Things allows objects to be sensed and controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure, resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit.

3. APPLICATIONS The extensive set of applications for IoT devices is often divided into consumer, commercial, industrial, and infrastructure spaces. 1- Consumer applications: A growing portion of IoT devices are created for consumer use, including connected vehicles, home automation, wearable technology, connected health, and appliances with remote monitoring capabilities. Ex Smart home IoT devices are a part of the larger concept of home automation, which can include lighting, heating and air conditioning, media and security systems. Long-term benefits could include energy savings by automatically ensuring lights and electronics are turned off. 2- Commercial application: Ex Transportation: The IoT can assist in the integration of communications, control, and information processing across various transportation systems. Application of the IoT extends to all aspects of transportation systems (i.e. the vehicle, the infrastructure, and the driver or user.

4. APPLICATIONS 3-Infrastructure applications Monitoring and controlling operations of sustainable urban and rural infrastructures like bridges, railway tracks and on- and offshore wind-farms is a key application of the IoT. The IoT infrastructure can be used for monitoring any events or changes in structural conditions that can compromise safety and increase risk. The IoT can benefit the construction industry by cost saving, time reduction, better quality workday, paperless workflow and increase in productivity. It can help in taking faster decisions and save money with Real-Time Data Analytics. It can also be used for scheduling repair and maintenance activities in an efficient manner, by coordinating tasks between different service providers and users of these facilities

5. ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR IOT: There are many technologies that enable the IoT. Crucial to the field is the network used to communicate between devices of an IoT installation, a role that several wireless or wired technologies may fulfill Short-range wireless * Short-range wireless ex: 1-Bluetooth mesh networking – Specification providing a mesh networking variant to Bluetooth low energy (BLE) with increased number of nodes and standardized application layer (Models). 2-Light-Fidelity (Li-Fi) – Wireless communication technology similar to the Wi-Fi standard, but using visible light communication for increased bandwidth. 3-Wi-Fi – technology for local area networking based on the IEEE 802.11 standard, where devices may communicate through a shared access point or directly between individual devices.

6. ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR IOT: ** Medium-range wireless: ex: LTE-Advanced – High-speed communication specification for mobile networks. Provides enhancements to the LTE standard with extended coverage, higher throughput, and lower latency. *** Long-range wireless: ex: 1-Low-power wide-area networking (LPWAN) – Wireless networks designed to allow long-range communication at a low data rate, reducing power and cost for transmission. Available LPWAN technologies and protocols: LoRaWan, Sigfox, NB-IoT, Weightless, RPMA. 2-Very small aperture terminal (VSAT) – Satellite communication technology using small dish antennas for narrowband and broadband data.

7. SECURITY the biggest concern in adopting Internet of things technology, with concerns that rapid development is happening without appropriate consideration of the profound security challenges involved and the regulatory changes that might be necessary. Most of the technical security concerns are similar to those of conventional servers, workstations and smartphones, and include weak authentication, forgetting to change default credentials, unencrypted messages sent between devices, SQL injections and poor handling of security updates Safety IoT systems are typically controlled by event-driven smart apps that take as input either sensed data, user inputs, or other external triggers (from the Internet) and command one or more actuators towards providing different forms of automation. Examples of sensors include smoke detectors, motion sensors, and contact sensors. Examples of actuators include smart locks, smart power outlets, and door controls.

8. ADVANTAGES OF INTERNET OF THINGS 1-Automation of daily tasks leads to better monitoring of devices: The IoT allows you to automate and control the tasks that are done on a daily basis, avoiding human intervention. Machine-to machine communication helps to improve processes. 2- Efficient and Saves Time: The machine-to-machine interaction provides better efficiency, hence, accurate results can be obtained fast. This results in saving valuable time. 3- Better Quality of Life : All the applications of this technology culminate in increased comfort, convenience, and better management, thereby improving the quality of life.

9. ADVANTAGES OF INTERNET OF THINGS 4- Facilitates warranty and maintenance services : IOT enables product tracking. This in turn helps to keep a track of products that require maintenance.This also helps in crisis moments like thefts. 5- Targeted customer service : IoT connects devices to one ecosystem. The interconnected devices can then be synced to provide customer data to companies. Through integration of all the data, businesses can gain valuable insights on consumers, trends, and preferences to provide personalized and improved service to their customers.

10. DISADVANTAGES OF INTERNET OF THINGS 1- Loss of privacy and security : many devices all are connected to the Internet, a lot of information is available on it. This information is prone to attack by hackers. It would be very disastrous if private and confidential information is accessed by unauthorized intruders. 2- Complexity : The IoT is a diverse and complex network. Any failure or bugs in the software or hardware will have serious consequences. Even power failure can cause a lot of inconvenience. 3- Lesser Employment of Menial Staff : The unskilled workers and helpers may end up losing their jobs in the effect of automation of daily activities. This can lead to unemployment issues in the society.

11. CHALLENGES IN IOT 1- Sensing a complex environment. 2- Multiple connectivity options. 3- Power is critical. 4- Security is a must. 5- The IoT is complex