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Liability for climate change? European perspective
Prof. Dr. Stefan Perner Lisbon, 4 October 2019 AIDA Europe Conference
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Starting point International jurisdiction & Conflict of Laws Tort Law Conclusions
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I. Starting point How to fight climate change in Europe?
Political agenda National level: Cf. Austria – State of climate emergency EU level: Cf. Art 9 (c) (iv) Directive 2010/13/EU (protection of the environment)
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I. Starting point How to fight climate change in Europe?
Political agenda National level: Cf. Austria – State of climate emergency EU level: Cf. Art 9 (c) (iv) Directive 2010/13/EU (protection of the environment) Legal mechanisms: Administrative law vs. tort law Administrative law Vienna International Airport – 3rd Runway Case Klimaseniorinnen (CH)
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I. Starting point How to fight climate change in Europe?
Political agenda National level: Cf. Austria – State of climate emergency EU level: Cf. Art 9 (c) (iv) Directive 2010/13/EU (protection of the environment) Legal mechanisms: Administrative law vs. tort law Administrative law Vienna International Airport – 3rd Runway Case Klimaseniorinnen (CH) Tort law: Lliuya / RWE (Germany)
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Jurisdiction & Conflict of Laws
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Jurisdiction & Conflict of Laws
Brussels Ia Regulation 1215/2012 Art 4: defendant’s domicile RWE can be sued in Germany Art 7 (2) harmful event / Art 7 (5) establishment / Art 8 (1) multiple defendants
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Jurisdiction & Conflict of Laws
Brussels Ia Regulation 1215/2012 Art 4: defendant’s domicile RWE can be sued in Germany Art 7 (2) harmful event / Art 7 (5) establishment / Art 8 (1) multiple defendants Rome II Regulation 864/2007 Art 4 (1): law of the country where damage occurs (Peruvian law) Higher standards in victim’s home state: Rules have to be taken into account (Art 17) Lower standards in victim’s home state: Option to choose law where event giving rise to the damage occurred (Art 7)
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III. Tort Law Academic literature
Journal of European Tort Law 2017, Special Issue 2: Climate Change and Environmental Liability contributions of Martin Spitzer (Ed.), Bernhard Burtscher, Monika Hinteregger, Jaap Spier, Philip Sutherland
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Prerequisites for damages
Harm Property (RWE) Life / health (cf. Klimaseniorinnen) Consequential Damage / Pure Economic Loss / Ecosystem
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Prerequisites for damages
Harm Property (RWE) Life / health (cf. Klimaseniorinnen) Consequential Damage / Pure Economic Loss / Ecosystem Misconduct: Failure to meet standard of behaviour (RWE?) Time frame Aggregate vs. individual level Public authorization: Environmental impact assessment / emission trading scheme Liability without misconduct?
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Prerequisites for damages
Harm Property (RWE) Life / health (cf. Klimaseniorinnen) Consequential Damage / Pure Economic Loss / Ecosystem Misconduct: Failure to meet standard of behaviour (RWE?) Time frame Aggregate vs. individual level Public authorization: Environmental impact assessment / emission trading scheme Liability without misconduct? Causation: But-for-test Alternative causation Minimal causation (RWE) Alternative causation incl. hazard
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Conclusions
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Liability for climate change? European perspective
Prof. Dr. Stefan Perner Lisbon, 4 October 2019 AIDA Europe Conference
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