1. Two Major Types of Cells
Do have Nucleus!
NO Nucleus!

2. Common Cell Structures
Cell membrane:
A membrane that
covers the cell; it
controls what
enters and
leaves the cell.
phospholipids

3. Cytoplasm:
Jelly-like liquid substance that contains or holds the cell’s organelles.

4. DNA:
Provides instruction for making proteins; regulates cellular activities; enables cells to reproduce

5. Ribosomes: makes proteins
some are suspended in the cytosol or cytoplasm and are “free” ribosomes

6. MEMBRANE-BOUND ORGANELLES
Nucleus
surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear membrane/envelope
nuclear pores are scattered over the surface of the nuclear envelope
ribosomes are partially assembled in the nucleolus
DNA is stored in the nucleus
controls all the cell’s activities
Nuclear Envelope/Membrane
Nucleolus
Nuclear pore
DNA/Chromosomes

7. Endoplasmic Reticulum
ER, is an extensive system of internal membranes that transports proteins and other substances through the cell
rough ER has ribosomes attached
to it, it transports proteins
vesicle, is a small membrane-bound sac used to transport substances within cells (comes from the ER)
Smooth ER lacks ribosomes, it makes lipids and breaks down toxic substances
(vesicle)

8. Golgi Apparatus
a set of flattened membrane-bound sacs that serves as the packaging and distribution center of the cell
it modifies proteins received in vesicles from ER and encloses them in new vesicles

9. Lysosome
are small spherical organelles that contains the cell’s digestive enzymes
Mitochondria
an organelle that harvests energy from organic compounds to make
ATP

10. stores water and contains ions, nutrients, and waste
Vacuole
stores water and contains ions, nutrients, and waste
animal cells have small vacuoles and plant cells will have a large central vacuole; when full, it makes the cell rigid and this enables a plant to stand upright

11. Cytoskeleton:
A network of protein fibers that gives the cell shape and support; is also involved in cell movement.

12. Structures in Plant Cells ONLY!
1. Cell Wall
thick wall made of proteins and carbohydrates, including cellulose
helps support and maintain the shape of the cell, protects cell from damage, and connects it with adjacent cells
2. Chloroplasts
uses light energy to make carbohydrates from CO2 and H2O
surrounded by 2 membranes and it contains it’s own DNA

13. Structures used for Motility:
Flagella
Cilia
Long whip-like structure
Small hair-like structures

14. Membrane Bound Organelles

15. Processing of Proteins