1. Origins of Slavery

2. Slave Trade African practiced slavery in ancient times
From warfare and from debt
Portugal, then Dutch, then England
Triangular Trade:
Tight or loose pack
Rum
Cloth
Guns
Middle Passage
Most slaves went to West Indies

3. 1500-mid 1800’s Estimated 10 million Africans
Demand for sugar created demand for sugar colonies where production is labor intensive
Only 6% of the slaves would be shipped to what would become the US
Why?

4. Slaves were not easily accessible until the 1680’s
In exchange for their service these “white slaves” received a transatlantic passage and eventual freedom dues or small chunk of land.
Indentured Servants
Slaves were not easily accessible until the 1680’s
Slave trade controlled by the Dutch
Too expensive

5. Both Virginia and Maryland employed the __________________ system where who ever paid passage of a laborer received the right to acquire 50 acres of land.
The head right system

6. To many young men’s dismay, the greatest scarcity in the Chesapeake were these.
Single women

7. Old labor force was drying up Mortality rates dropped steadily
The Rebellion led by this man was a result of frustrated former servants who remained landless and threatened by Indians in the backcountry.
Bacon’s Rebellion
Old labor force was drying up
Mortality rates dropped steadily
Purchasing a worker for life made a more reasonable investment

8. West Indies, Brazil, Sugar
The South Atlantic System was primarily centered around __________ and __________, with their primary product being __________.
West Indies, Brazil, Sugar
First half of 18th century thousands of slaves were brought to mainland shores
Between , percentage of blacks in Virginia rose from 7% to 44%
In South Carolina, slaves produced a population from 17% black to 61%

10. Lived luxurious lives at the cost of human lives
This Northern colony thrived from a lucrative shipping trade of slaves from Africa to America.
Rhode Island
Lived luxurious lives at the cost of human lives
5-20% of both races died on slave ships during the Atlantic voyage

11. Most enslaved population came from West Africa
Most of the slaves who reached North America came from the West Coast of Africa stretching from present day _______________ to __________________.
Senegal to Angola
Most enslaved population came from West Africa
From the regions of Upper/Lower Guinea, the Congo/Angola
Planters selected slaves from tribes according to their skills
Tobacco farmers requested Guineas
Rice planters requested Congo/Angola regions

12. Conditions on the ship African men kept in chains the entire time
Women and children given more freedom
Tight packers vs. loose packers
Disease and suicide took the lives of up to one fifth of the slaves on the vessels
Trauma matched by the demands of learning a new language, adjusting to new disease climate, new foods, clothing and adapting to repressive and alien rules, and gender roles (men in agriculture)

14. Beginning in 1662, Virginia established slave codes which made blacks and their children “_________” or property for life.
“chattel”

15. Slave life was especially severe in this region of the South.
Deep South
Agriculturally based in South,
Tobacco, rice
Not simply Southern institution
Highest concentration of slaves in the 17th century had been the Dutch colony of New York
In the 18th century, 20% of New York’s population was enslaved, 10% in Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, New Jersey

16. Division of labor
Majority of slaves were sold in the Chesapeake region
Most enslaved laborers in agriculture worked in tobacco
Small number sold in New England and middle colonies for family and tenant labor on wheat farms
Often became artisans, dock workers, household or personal servants

17. First Families of Virginia Emerging aristocracy
By the Revolutionary War, 70 percent of the leaders in Virginia were considered FFV’s which stands for _______________________.
First Families of Virginia
Emerging aristocracy

18. Stono Rebellion South Carolina
The largest slave uprising in the mainland colonies, the __________ took place in the colony of __________.
Stono Rebellion
South Carolina
25 white people killed, black people killed
Quakers (Pennsylvania) were amongst the first anti- slavery activists in the British Colonies.