2. EVIDENCES OF PLATE MOVEMENT MELC: ENUMERATE THE LINE OF EVIDENCES THAT SUPPORTS PLATE MOVEMENT

3. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW Are you excited for our next lesson? Last week you have learned about the possible causes of plate movement. This week, this module will introduce you on the evidences of plate movement. Also, this will help you to understand the fossils, rocks, coal deposits, and seafloor spreading as evidences of plate movement. Have fun and work it out!

4. OBJECTIVES: AFTER GOING THROUGH TO THIS MODULE, YOU WILL BE ABLE TO; 1. IDENTIFY THE EVIDENCES OF PLATE MOVEMENT. 2. DEFINE SEAFLOOR SPREADING AND MAGNETIC REVERSAL. 3. DISCUSS FOSSILS, ROCKS, AND COAL DEPOSITS AS EVIDENCES OF PLATE MOVEMENT 4. EXPLAIN HOW MAGNETIC REVERSAL PROVE THE SEAFLOOR SPREADING AS ONE OF THE EVIDENCES THAT SUPPORTS PLATE MOVEMENT. AND; 5. CREATE A CONCEPT MAP OF THE DIFFERENT LINES OF EVIDENCES THAT SUPPORTS PLATE MOVEMENT.

5. WHAT I KNOW Let’s start this fun and exciting week by checking your knowledge about the lesson. Try to answer the following activities. Are you ready?

6. PRE-TEST : MULTIPLE CHOICE LAS\PRETEST MULTIPLE CHOICE.DOCX LAS\PRETEST MULTIPLE CHOICE.DOCX

7. PART II. “GEOLOGY EVERYDAY!” INSTRUCTION: FIND ALL THE WORDS RELATED TO PLATE MOVEMENT INSIDE THE PUZZLE BY SEARCHING ACROSS, DOWN OR DIAGONALLY. USING YOUR OWN UNDERSTANDING DESCRIBE EACH WORD IN THE SPACE PROVIDED BELOW. FOSSILSROCKS COAL JIGSAW SEAFLOOR SPREADING MAGNETIC REVERSAL TECTONICS PANGAEA CONTINENT PLATE

8. 1. Fossils = __________________________________________________________________ 2. Rocks = __________________________________________________________________ 3. Coal = ____________________________________________________________________ 4. Jigsaw= __________________________________________________________________ 5. Tectonics = _______________________________________________________________ 6. Pangaea = ________________________________________________________________ 7. Plate = ___________________________________________________________________ 8. Continent= _______________________________________________________________ 9. Seafloor spreading=_______________________________________________________ 10. Magnetic Reversal= ______________________________________________________

9. LESSON PROPER Terrific! You’ve got your brain in gear today! Now, let us check how far you’ve learned on the previous topic. Are you ready? Try this activity below. WHAT'S IN?

10. ACTIVITY 1. “LET’S FIT IT!” (FROM: G10 SCIENCE LEARNER’S MATERIAL, PP. 58, ACOSTA ET AL, 2015) THIS ACTIVITY WILL GIVE YOU AN IDEA ON HOW THE CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY DEVELOPED. PPT AND LAS\ACTIVITY 1 LET'S FIT IT!.DOCX PPT AND LAS\ACTIVITY 1 LET'S FIT IT!.DOCX

11. Congratulations! You’ve really learned a lot. This time, you will be learning about the evidences of plate movement by trying this prepared activities for you. Let‘s proceed to the next slide.

12. Activity 2. Part A. “WEGENER’S PUZZLING CONTINENTS” Overview: Continental drift was a theory that explained how continents shift position on Earth's surface. Set forth in 1912 by Alfred Wegener, a geophysicist and meteorologist, continental drift also explained why look-alike animal and plant fossils, and similar rock formations, are found on different continents. LAS\activity 2. Part A and B.docx

13. Use the link below to get the puzzle pieces hand out. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2 Fwww.pinterest.co.uk%2Fpin%2F173177548154850436 %2F&psig=AOvVaw1IvtSa6W0j5XDhgVZRE5Ay&ust=15 90156905944000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAI QjRxqFwoTCKCj6faQxekCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2 Fwww.pinterest.co.uk%2Fpin%2F173177548154850436 %2F&psig=AOvVaw1IvtSa6W0j5XDhgVZRE5Ay&ust=15 90156905944000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAI QjRxqFwoTCKCj6faQxekCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

14. Part B. “Split and Separate!” (From: G10 Science Learner’s Material, pp. 66-67, Acosta et al, 2015) LAS\activity 2. Part A and B.docx

15. WHAT’S MORE! Great job! And now, the first part of discovery is unfolded! Do you want to learn more? Carefully read the guide card on the next slide and answer the activity 3.

16. Evidence from fossils Fossils are preserved remains or traces of organisms (plant and animals) from remote past. They are useful in dating geological material, because they indicate which species were alive at the time the rock was formed. The geographic distribution of fossils is also useful in understanding how different species spread and evolved over time. Fossilized leaves of an extinct plant Glossopteris were found in 250 million years old rocks. These fossils were locates in the continents of Southern Africa, Australia, India, and Antarctica, which are now separated by wide oceans, the large seeds of this plant could not possibly travel a long journey by the wind or survive a rough rise through ocean waves. Figure 1. Distribution of fossils across Different continents Source: http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dyna mic/continents.ht ml

17. Evidence: The Continental Jigsaw Puzzle The most visible and fascinating evidence that these continents were once one in their shapes. The edge of one continent surprisingly matches the edge of another. South America and Africa fit together; India, Antarctica, and Australia matches one another; Eurasia and North America complete the whole continental puzzle in the north. https://sites.google.com/site/platetectonicsa myg/theory-of-continental-drift https://sites.google.com/site/platetectonicsa myg/theory-of-continental-drift

18. Evidence: Rocks Fossils found in rocks support the Continental Drift Theory. The rocks themselves also provide evidence that continents drifted apart from each other. Rocks formation in Africa line up with that of South America as if it was a long mountain range. https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg- 899c445fb69910098822a535f5cc759 8.webp https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg- 899c445fb69910098822a535f5cc759 8.webp

19. Evidence: Coal Deposits Coal beds were formed from the compaction and decomposition of swamp plants that lived million years ago. These were discovered in South America, Africa, Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia and even in Antarctica. The current location of Antarctica could not sustain substantial amount of life. If there is a substantial quantity of coal in it, thus it only means that Antarctica must have been positioned in a part of the Erath where it once supported large quantities of life. This leads to the idea that Antarctica once experienced a tropical climate, thus, it might have been closer before to the equator. http://www.tectonic- forces.org/images/sim ple1.jpg http://www.tectonic- forces.org/images/sim ple1.jpg

20. Seafloor Spreading and Magnetic Reversal During the 1950s and 1960s, new techniques and modern gadgets enabled scientist to make better observations and gather new information about the ocean floor. With the use of sonars and submersibles, scientists had a clearer view of the ocean floors. They have discovered underwater features under the ocean. Scientists found a system of ridges or mountains in the seafloor similar to those found in the continents. These are called Mid-Ocean ridges. One of these is the famous Mid-Atlantic Ridge, an undersea mountain chain in the Atlantic Ocean. In the early 1960’s, scientist Harry Hess, together with Robert Dietz, suggested an explanation to continental drift. This is the Seafloor Spreading Theory. According to this theory, hot, less dense material from below the Earth’s crust rises towards the surface at the mid-ocean ridge. This material flows sideways carrying the seafloor away from the ridge, and creates crack in the crust. The magma flows out of the crack, cools down and becomes the new seafloor. Overtime, the new oceanic crust pushed the old oceanic crust far from the ridge. The process of seafloor spreading allowed the creation of new bodies of water. In the place where two oceanic plates collide or where an oceanic plate and continental plate collide, a subduction zone occurs. Subduction is a process in which the crust plunges back into the Earth. As the new seafloor is formed at the mid-ocean ridge, the old seafloor farthest from the ridge is destroyed at the subduction zone. Findings that supports Seafloor Spreading Theory: 1. Rocks are younger at the mid-ocean ridge. 2. Rocks far from the mid-ocean ridge are older. 3. Sediments are thinner at the ridge. 4. Rocks at the ocean floor are younger than those at the continents.

21. Seafloor spreading was strengthened with the discovery that the magnetic rocks near the ridge follow a pattern aside from the fact that rocks near the ridge are remarkably younger than those farther from the ridge. The Earth’s magnetic field is generated in the very hot molten outer core and has already existed since the birth of our planet. The Earth’s magnetic field is a dipole, one that has a North Pole and South Pole. Magnetic reversal is also called magnetic ‘flip’ of the Earth. It happens when the North Pole is transformed into a South Pole and the South Pole becomes the North Pole. This is due to the change in the direction of flow of the outer core. The occurrence of magnetic reversals can be explained through the magnetic patterns in magnetic rocks, especially those found in the ocean floor. When lava solidifies iron bearing minerals crystallize, the minerals behave like a tiny compass and align with the Earth’s magnetic field. So, when magnetic reversals occurs, there is also a change in the polarity of rocks. This allowed scientists to visualize the magnetic stripes in the ocean floor. Over the last 10 million years, there has been an average of 4 to 5 reversals per million years. New rocks are added to the ocean floor at the ridge with an equal amount on both sides of the oceanic crust. The stripes on both sides are equal size and polarity which seemed to be mirror images across the ridge. It indicates that indeed, the seafloor is spreading.

22. https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fimage.slidesharecdn.com%2Fseaf loorspreadingm2-150713115846-lva1-app6892%2F95%2Fsea-floor-spreading-17- 638.jpg%3Fcb%3D1447236328&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2Fnaira mode%2Fsea-floor-spreading- 50464198&tbnid=UuDH6JEFCH0NcM&vet=12ahUKEwiMu97Lub_pAhVDdpQKHcWrBwAQ MygGegUIARDzAQ..i&docid=Ko- 5QuYuiw7_7M&w=638&h=479&q=seafloor%20spreading%20diagram&ved=2ahUKEwiM u97Lub_pAhVDdpQKHcWrBwAQMygGegUIARDzAQ https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fimage.slidesharecdn.com%2Fseaf loorspreadingm2-150713115846-lva1-app6892%2F95%2Fsea-floor-spreading-17- 638.jpg%3Fcb%3D1447236328&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2Fnaira mode%2Fsea-floor-spreading- 50464198&tbnid=UuDH6JEFCH0NcM&vet=12ahUKEwiMu97Lub_pAhVDdpQKHcWrBwAQ MygGegUIARDzAQ..i&docid=Ko- 5QuYuiw7_7M&w=638&h=479&q=seafloor%20spreading%20diagram&ved=2ahUKEwiM u97Lub_pAhVDdpQKHcWrBwAQMygGegUIARDzAQ https://earthref.org/drupal/sites/earthref.org/files/imagecac he/thumb_w_125/images/users/akoppers/magnetic_anomali es2.jpg https://earthref.org/drupal/sites/earthref.org/files/imagecac he/thumb_w_125/images/users/akoppers/magnetic_anomali es2.jpg

23. Activity 3. Concept Map LAS\activity 3. Concept map.docx

24. WHAT I CAN DO Perfect! You’ve just about to mastered it! It’s now time to put those learning into application. Are you excited? Let the work be done on the next slide!

25. Activity 4. Part I “Drifted Supercontinent!” LAS\activity 4. part I and II.docx

26. Use the link below to get the 7 continent and world map hand out. https://www.clipart.email/download/817 9160.html https://www.clipart.email/download/817 9160.html https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2 F%2Fwww.pinterest.com%2Fpin%2F162692605273 504202%2F&psig=AOvVaw1agJvxjacfmgL_nCQjXxy q&ust=1589958703654000&source=images&cd=vfe &ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCMjA38yuv- kCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

27. Part II. “How fast does it go?” (Adapted: Glencoe Earth Science student edition copyright 2002) (From: G10 Science Learner’s Material, pp. 68-69, Acosta et al, 2015) LAS\activity 4. part I and II.docx

28. ASSESSMENT Congratulations for a job well done! You really learning a lot. You did a lot of work this week! It’s time to sum up what you have learned. Test your knowledge by completing the table on the next slide. Good luck!

29. Evidences of plate movement Reason that supports plate movement 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

30. Acosta, H., Alvarez, L., Angeles, D., Arre, R., Carmona, M., Garcia, A., Gatpo, A., Marcaida, J., Olarte, M., Rosales, M., Salazar, N. (2015). First Edition. Science 10 Learner’s Material. Department of Education. Republic of the Philippines Picture in Activity 3: Part I” Drifted Supercontinent” Retrieved May 06, 2020 from: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinterest.com%2Fpin%2F162692605273504202%2F&psig=AOvVaw1agJvxjacfmgL_nCQjXxyq&us t=1589958703654000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCMjA38yuv-kCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD Retrieved May 08, 2020 from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lystrosaurushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lystrosaurus Retrieved May 10, 2020 from: http://www.yourdictionary.com/magnetic-reversalhttp://www.yourdictionary.com/magnetic-reversal Picture in Activity 3: Part I ”Drifted Supercontinent” Retrieved May 06, 2020 from: Retrieved May 11, 2020 from: https://www.clipart.email/download/8179160.html https://www.clipart.email/download/8179160.html Picture in Activity 2: Part I “Wegener’s Puzzling Evidence” Retrieved May 06, 2020 from: https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/173177548154850436https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/173177548154850436 http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/continents.html http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/continents.html Picture in Guide card #1 “Fossils” Retrieved May 19, 2020 from: http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/continents.html http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/continents.html Picture in Guide card #1 “Rocks” Retrieved May 19, 2020 from: https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-899c445fb69910098822a535f5cc7598.webp https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-899c445fb69910098822a535f5cc7598.webp Picture in Guide card #1 “Coal Deposits” Retrieved May 19, 2020 from: http://www.tectonic-forces.org/images/simple1.jpg http://www.tectonic-forces.org/images/simple1.jpg Picture in Guide card #2 “Seafloor Spreading” Retrieved May 19, 2020 from: https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fimage.slidesharecdn.com%2Fseafloorspreadingm2-150713115846-lva1-app6892%2F95%2Fsea-floor- spreading-17-638.jpg%3Fcb%3D1447236328&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2Fnairamode%2Fsea-floor-spreading- 50464198&tbnid=UuDH6JEFCH0NcM&vet=12ahUKEwiMu97Lub_pAhVDdpQKHcWrBwAQMygGegUIARDzAQ..i&docid=Ko- 5QuYuiw7_7M&w=638&h=479&q=seafloor%20spreading%20diagram&ved=2ahUKEwiMu97Lub_pAhVDdpQKHcWrBwAQMygGegUIARDzAQ https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fimage.slidesharecdn.com%2Fseafloorspreadingm2-150713115846-lva1-app6892%2F95%2Fsea-floor- spreading-17-638.jpg%3Fcb%3D1447236328&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2Fnairamode%2Fsea-floor-spreading- 50464198&tbnid=UuDH6JEFCH0NcM&vet=12ahUKEwiMu97Lub_pAhVDdpQKHcWrBwAQMygGegUIARDzAQ..i&docid=Ko- 5QuYuiw7_7M&w=638&h=479&q=seafloor%20spreading%20diagram&ved=2ahUKEwiMu97Lub_pAhVDdpQKHcWrBwAQMygGegUIARDzAQ Picture in Guide card #2 “Seafloor Spreading” Retrieved May 19, 2020 from: https://earthref.org/drupal/sites/earthref.org/files/imagecache/thumb_w_125/images/users/akoppers/magnetic_anomalies2.jpg https://earthref.org/drupal/sites/earthref.org/files/imagecache/thumb_w_125/images/users/akoppers/magnetic_anomalies2.jpg