1. The Second Republic (1848-1852)

2. Napoleon III

3. The Second Empire ( )

4. War, Siege, the Commune (1870-1871)

5. Napoleon & Bismarck as friends

9. Napoleon III Surrenders to Bismarck

10. Napoleon III as Bismarck's prisoner

11. A French cartoon entitled Entrée du Charlemagne moderne à Paris, depicting the German chancellor Bismarck, with Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany riding a pig (Napoleon) down the Champs Elysées in Paris, France.

13. France: Paris Commune

14. Hotel de Ville

17. Almanach Francais - the execution of members of the commune

18. The German princes swear allegiance to Wilhelm I
The German princes swear allegiance to Wilhelm I. Bismarck is standing on the steps.

20. The Third Republic ( )

21. Adolphe Thiers

22. Adolphe Thiers ( )

23. Leon Gambetta

24. Léon Gambetta proclaimed Thiers 'liberator of land'

25. Alfred Dreyfus

26. Leon Gambetta
Marie Edmé Patrice de MacMahon

27. Giuseppe Mazzini
Risorgimento

28. Giuseppe Mazzini Pope PiusIX

29. King Victor Emmanuel –King of Sardinia

30. King Victor Emmanuel II
& Pope Pius IX

31. Count Camillo
Benso di Cavour

32. Giuseppe Garibaldi
“Red Shirts:
impresa dei Mille” –
(enterprise of one
thousand) –free the South
from the Bourbons

33. Garibaldi

34. Garibaldi & Mazzini

35. Garibaldi & King Victor Emmanuel

36. A contemporary British cartoon, entitled "Right Leg in the Boot at Last," shows Garibaldi helping Victor Emmanuel put on the Italian boot.

37. Victor Emmanuel Monument