1. Language to Language C. Taylor
Lexis and terminology (p. 21)

2. T R A N S L A T I O N Terms Words Ambiguous Polysemous
Collocation-bound
Register-sensitive
Terms
Monosemic
Invariable
One-to-one relationship between language and reality
e.g. multiple sclerosis
Context - Co-text
Meaning
Right equivalent
T R A N S L A T I O N

3. General Lexis
The translator’s task is not simply a question of finding dictionary equivalents to a series of lexical items….
…translators must be particularly sensitive to the meanings of the words on the page.

4. Bath=bagno
La valle dei Pirenei, in cui si trovano i bagni termali di Vernet, non è molto conosciuta dai viaggiatori inglesi.
Le calde acque termali di Vernet si trovano ai piedi del Canigou verso occidente in una valle isolata e chiusa.
The Pyreneean valley in which the baths of Vernet are situated is not so much known to English travellers.
Under the Canigou, towards the west, lie the hot baths of Vernet, in a close secluded valley.

5. The frequenters of these baths were a few years back gathered almost entirely from near towns…
It was built immediately over one of the thermal springs, so that the water flowed from the bowels of the earth directly into the baths.
Fino a pochi anni fa, i clienti di queste terme erano principalmente attratti da paesi vicini..
Era costruito proprio a ridosso di una delle sorgenti termali in modo che l’acqua scorresse dalle viscere della terra direttamente nelle vasche.

6. Componential analysis
A means of creating the complete semantic picture of a lexical item.
It consists in breaking a word down into its components (man=male+human+adult) in order to arrive at its total meaning.
A lexical item is a set or cluster of components (semantic features)

7. Function of componential analysis
Once identified the semantic components of the lexical item, the ‘source word’ can be more easily translated through near-synonyms, paraphrase expressions, compensatory solutions or even replacement by zero, depending on the particular context of situation.

8. The Secret of Adrian Mole by Sue Townsend
My mother and creep Lucas met at Sheffield. My mother looked dead thin and has started dressing in clothes that are too young for her. Lucas creep was wearing jeans. His belly was hanging over his belt. I pretended to be asleep until we got to Scotland. Lucas mauled my mother about whilst he was driving.

9. To maul
English/Italian dictionary: malmenare, maneggiare, bistrattare NO (Adrian is in the car)
Monolingual dictionary: to handle sb/sth roughlly or brutally
Dizionario sinonimi/contrari:coccolare
= coccolare (grossolanamente)

10. False cognates/False friends
Striking for the gentle
Striking for the kind… (Bob Dylan)
gentle= dolce, mite, moderato, lieve tenero,benevolo, garbato, cortese, eletto
Monolingual dic: Never do any harm to anyone
Rintoccavano per il mite, rintoccavano per il gentile

11. Collocation You shall know a word by the company it keeps
Words grouping together

12. Fixed idioms: topsy-turvy
predictable collocations
Flexible idioms: to ride
A horse
Bicycle
The storm
A crisis
A problem

13. The patterns of collocation in one language are often not mirrored in another
T R A N S L A T I O N P R O B L E M
Mangiano spaghetti si mangiano le unghie
Eat spaghetti bite their nails
Treni che fanno servizio.. Trains running..

14. …but there is a certain amount of equivalence
Time flies il tempo vola
Don’t look a gift horse in the mouth
A caval donato non si guarda in bocca

15. Partial equivalence Ci mancherebbe altro What next
Tutto il mondo è paese
It’s the same world over

16. Irony in translation It’s just not cricket = Non è fair play
National game
The game of English gentlemen
Mataphor of fair play

17. Irony in translation It’s just not ice-hockey = Non è gioco sporco
New game
Violent game
It’s not fair play

18. Each langauge has its own set of collocations which must be taken into consideration for an appropriate translation