1. Sino-Finnish workshop, Tampere, 15 August, 2013 Chemical characteristics of combustion aerosol particles Risto Hillamo 1, Topi Rönkkö 2 and Liisa Pirjola 3 1 Research and Development, Finnish Meteorological Institute 2 Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology 3 Metropolia University of Applied Sciences Joint study within the CLEEN/MMEA program, WP 4.5.2, Participating companies: Helsingin Energia, Proventia, Wärtsilä, Metso, Pegasor, HSY.

2. Emissions vs. air quality and climate forcing Sino-Finnish workshop, Tampere, 15 August, 2013 •Important to distinguish between particles from primary emissions and secondary particles from gas phase emissions •Our test site have been Helsinki: quite clean area with very low PM 2.5 background and only a few major emission categories: -Vehicle emissions -Wood combustion -Power plants and heating stations -Ship emissions •Direct emission measurements and fresh ambient aerosols Risto Hillamo, Finnish Meteorological Institute

3. Sino-Finnish workshop, Tampere, 15 August, 2013 Activities •Direct emission measurements: coal combustion (CHP), HFO heat stations (oil burners), vehicles (dynamometer), diesel engines •Online chemistry measurements at stationary stations •Mobile laboratory •Aircraft Risto Hillamo, Finnish Meteorological Institute

4. Typical set-up CO 2 SAMPLING (offline) ONLINE Dekati FPS-4000 Dekati thermodenuder CO 2 Particles in emissions Sino-Finnish workshop, Tampere, 15 August, 2013Risto Hillamo, Finnish Meteorological Institute

5. Online chemistry measurement Sino-Finnish workshop, Tampere, 15 August, 2013 - Extremely sensitive, particle chemical composition can be measured online in 1 s - For particles between 40 nm – 1 µm (PM 1 ) Risto Hillamo, Finnish Meteorological Institute

6. Chemical composition and size distribution (40 nm<D p <1µm) with high time-resolution (from seconds to minutes).  Organics  sulfate  nitrate  ammonium  chloride  soot (only with laser)  trace metals (most only with laser): Na +, Al +, P +, V +, Fe +, K +, Zn +, Sr +, Ca +, Ba +, …  Elemental analysis: H, C, O, N, S… SP-AMS: REAL-TIME CHEMICAL SPECIATION OF SUBMICROMETER PARTICULATE MATTER 17.4.2013Flame days 2013 Airborne and mobile chemical speciation

7. Oil burner: time series Sino-Finnish workshop, Tampere, 15 August, 2013 - With SP-AMS using 5 min averaging time Risto Hillamo, Finnish Meteorological Institute

8. Mass spectra Sino-Finnish workshop, Tampere, 15 August, 2013 particles + gas gas difference V V atomic mass: 50.9415 amu Risto Hillamo, Finnish Meteorological Institute

9. Average chemical composition and particle size distribution Sino-Finnish workshop, Tampere, 15 August, 2013 From offline and online measurements From SP-AMS Risto Hillamo, Finnish Meteorological Institute

10. Nano-Micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (nano-MOUDI) OFFLINE sampling 50 -rotating stages  uniform deposit -13 stages, cut-off’s between 10 nm-10 µm: Sino-Finnish workshop, Tampere, 15 August, 2013 Sample area on Al-foil Risto Hillamo, Finnish Meteorological Institute

11. - 1 h sampling on polycarbonate film Oil burner, HFO (Helsinki Energy) Elemental analysis by using ED-XRF Ion chromatography Sino-Finnish workshop, Tampere, 15 August, 2013Risto Hillamo, Finnish Meteorological Institute

12. Sino-Finnish workshop, Tampere, 15 August, 2013 Coal combustion Helsinki Energy, Salmisaari CHP Before (a) and after (b) desulphurization Size distribution eye fit Risto Hillamo, Finnish Meteorological Institute

13. Sniffer measurements 22.10.2012 Downtown Helsinki Downtown Helsinki Vihdintie Stop at Roadside (Kehä III) Background site Sino-Finnish workshop, Tampere, 15 August, 2013

14. Standing at 15 m from the roadside Sino-Finnish workshop, Tampere, 15 August, 2013Risto Hillamo, Finnish Meteorological Institute

15. Sino-Finnish workshop, Tampere, 15 August, 2013

16. High time-resolved monitoring of particle chemical composition Sino-Finnish workshop, Tampere, 15 August, 2013 •PM 1 (< 1 µm particles) •15 min time resolution Risto Hillamo, Finnish Meteorological Institute

17. Päiväkumpu, Vantaa February17-March16,2011 Analysed average: 10.5 µg m -3 ACSM ACSM=Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor

18. Päiväkumpu, Vantaa CE=0.5 -20 C -5 C

19. Levoglucosan fragments