1. March 26 th 2013 University of Twente Energy conversion technologies: challenges for the future Rodolfo Taccani Energy System Laboratory Mechanical Engineering Department University of Trieste - Italy -

2. University of Twente – Taccani - 2013 Topics 2 Overview on power generation (with some figures on energy demand and power conversion effficiency). Overview on distributed microcogeneration. Possible integration with renewable energy resources.

3. University of Twente – Taccani - 2013 World Electricity and Energy demand Energy Information Administration. International Energy Outlook 2010

4. University of Twente – Taccani - 2013 Where does electricity come from?

5. University of Twente – Taccani - 2013 Where does electricity come from? Energy Information Administration. International Energy Outlook 2010

6. University of Twente – Taccani - 2013 Electricity production 6 Sesto 03.08.11 - Energia per il domani. R. Taccani... Heat

7. University of Twente – Taccani - 2013 Electricity production 7 … from heat to steam

8. University of Twente – Taccani - 2013 Electricity production 8 … from steam to electricity

9. University of Twente – Taccani - 2013 Electricity production 9 Sesto 03.08.11 - Energia per il domani. R. Taccani... Same principle for nuclear as well!

10. University of Twente – Taccani - 2013 Energy consumptions 10

11. University of Twente – Taccani - 2013 Power Plant Technologies HEAT

12. University of Twente – Taccani - 2013 Electricity costs 12 S. Kaplan, CRS Report for Congress, 2008

13. University of Twente – Taccani - 2013 Energy resources [Richard Perez 2009]

14. PV: Electricity Solar thermal: Hot water Solar cooling (Electricity) Solar thermal and/or PV?

15. University of Twente – Taccani - 2013 Heat demand 15

16. ICAM Taccani 16 Lithium Batteries

17. Batteries cost trend ICAM Taccani 17 $/kWh cost trend in Japan. Small rechargeable cells

18. University of Twente – Taccani - 2013 Difference between cogeneration and separate production of heat and electricity Fuel 100 Fuel 144 Primary Energy Saving = 30% Cogeneration systemConventional production Efficiency = 80% Efficiency = 56%

19. Sesto 01.07.10 - Energia per il domani. R. Taccani... 19 DOMESTIC CO/TRIGENERATION Fuel cell or other cogeneration / trigeneration system

20. University of Twente – Taccani - 2013 20 Conclusions …oil is not all we need Renewable energy sources seem to be aboundant, but improvement to lower energy consumption can be obtained using better what we have today Distributed microcogeneration and solar thermal seem to have a promising potential (ST 1/6 total demand by 2050) … information as important as energy sources

21. University of Twente – Taccani - 2013 Solar energy for heating, cooling and electricity - Prospects 21 ORC cogenerator operating at low temperature (120-150°c) Electrical energy Thermal energy from other sources (biomass boiler, other cogeneration system (Fuel cells)…) Adsorption Cycle for cooling Solar collector Thermal energy Thermal energy for heating Cooling

22. University of Twente – Taccani - 2013 22 THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION !

23. University of Twente – Taccani - 2013 Back up

24. University of Twente – Taccani - 2013 Back up REFERENCES (selection) 24 Periodicals – Fuel cell Bulletin, Elsevier Science – Fuel Cell Technology News, BCC – Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Elsevier – J. of Power Sources, Elsevier – J. of Energy Resources Technology, Elsevier – … WEB – Fuel Cell 2000 – http://www.fuelcells.org – CA FC Partnership http://www.drivingthefuture.org – DOE http://www.fetc.doe.gov – HyWeb http://www.hydrogen.org… Codes and standards – American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z21.83

25. University of Twente – Taccani - 2013 Back up ORC Electrical PowerTechnology P e < 1 MWICE, µGT, ORC, FC 1 MW < P e < 10 MWICE, GT, ST P e > 10 MWGT, ST, CCC