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M.Sc. In Pharm (Pharmacology)
Antiseptics & Disinfectants Pawitra Pulbutr M.Sc. In Pharm (Pharmacology)
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วัตถุประสงค์เชิงพฤติกรรม
มีความเข้าใจและอธิบายถึงกลไกการออกฤทธิ์และความเป็นพิษของสารเคมีที่เป็น Antiseptics และ Disinfectants มีความเข้าใจและอธิบายถึงข้อดีและข้อเสียของสารเคมีที่เป็น Antiseptics และ Disinfectants
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WORDS Sterilization การทำให้ปลอดเชื้อ destroy microorganism including spores Disinfection การทำลายการติดเชื้อ reduce or eradicate microorganism
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Disinfectants chemicals that inhibit or kill micoorganism use with non-living surface Antiseptics chemicals that inhibit or kill microorganism less toxic use with living surface
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Properties of good antiseptics & disinfectants
active to all microorganisms rapid & long action water soluble & stable tolerate to soap & organic material non-toxic less systemic absorption, non-allergenic well penetrate no colored, good smell cheap NO antiseptics & disinfectants!!
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Alcohol rapid evaporation…no residual action can not penetrate organic material may cause irritation & dryness USE antiseptic before injection disinfectants
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Chlorhexidine has residual action tolerated to organic material
destroy by anionic & non-ionic surfactants less irritation to skin USE chlorhexidine digluconate 2%, 4% pre-operation … skin cleaning infant bathing
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Halogen iodine chlorine oxidize sulhydryl (SH) into S-S
denature protein protein dysfunction & precipitation
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Iodine active to bacteria, fungi, protozoa, virus , spore tincture of iodine USP 2% iodine % sodium iodide in alc. Most potent antiseptics irritation & hypersensitivity
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Iodophor cpx of iodine + surface active agents iodine + polyvinyl pyrrolidine = povidone iodine (betadine®) as active as iodine less irritation & hypersensitivity not staining USE wound antiseptic
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Chlorine water soluble into hypochlorus, HOCL active to bacteria, virus, protozoa, fungi, spore destroy by organic material Chlorophor..slow release HOCL sodium hypochlorite chloramine
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Phenolic compounds Phenol toxic….NO longer use carcinogenesis hyperbilirubinemia in neonates Phenolic agents o-phenylphenol, o-benzyl-p-chlorophenol, p-tertiary amylphenol mixture of phenolic derivative cresol, xylenol
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Phenolic compounds cell membrane / cell wall disturbance
precipitation of protein inactivate enz. Active to bacteria, fungi, virus No effect to spore USE disinfectants to hard surface..in lab/ hospital not use in nursery…hyperbilirubinemia
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Hexachlorophene active to most gm+ bacteria hexachlorophene 3% in soap USE antiseptic in pre-operation infant bathing …. May accumulate..cause heart & brain abnormal ...cerebral edema , convulsion in premature infants
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Quaternary ammonium compound
cationic surface active detergents benzalkonium chloride cetylpyridine chloride benzethonium chloride inactivate enzyme denaturation of protein active to bacteria(+), fungi, lipophillic virus sporistatic
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Aldehydes formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde
alkylation protein / nucleic acid active to bacteria, fungi, virus, spore USE disinfectants in medical equipments
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Release hydroxyl radical …cell membrane disturbance
Hydrogen peroxide Release hydroxyl radical …cell membrane disturbance hydrogen peroxide 3% & 6% USE disinfectants…respirator, soft contact lenses wound antiseptics…catalase/ peroxidase...O2 gas + H2O vapor phase hydrogen peroxide (VPHP) gaseous sterilant…less toxic than ethylene oxide, formaldehyde
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Mercury salts thiomerosal (merthiolate) thiomerosal %…preservative in vaccine tincture merthiolate 0.1%…pre-operation antiseptics merbromin (mercurochrome) ยาแดง
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Silver salts silver nitrate used as eye drop to prevent gonococcal ophthalmitis in newborns silver sulfadiazine burn wound
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THE END & GOOD LUCK
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