1. Investigation of short-lived nuclei using RIBs
Reiner Krücken
Physik Department E12
Technische Universität München
Maier-Leibniz-Laboratorium
für Kern- und Teilchenphysik
der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
und der Technischen Universität München

2. Cycle of matter: Nucleosynthesis

3. Nuclear chart
Example: r-process

4. r-Process abundance for metal poor stars
element number
abundance log(X/H)-12
CS (Sneden et al. 2003)
solar r

5. Nuclei along the r-process
K.L. Kratz
Russbach 2006

6. r-process abundances not well described by current models
Pfeiffer et al.
Shell quenching or fission or …?
G. Martinez Pinedo et al.

7. Modifications of shell structure in neutron-rich nuclei
How does the central potential change with neutron excess?
What is the isospin dependence of the spin-orbit interaction?
Spin-orbit coupling r V r V
Valley of stability
Neutron-rich nuclei

8. Lack of predictive power of mean-field models
M. Bender, P.H. Heenen, P.G. Reinhard
Rev. Mod. Phys. 75 (2003) 122
from RIA Whitepaper

9. What we can measure in the laboratory?
Masses, Q-values
Half-lives T1/2
Beta-delayed neutron emission probabilities Pn
Evolution of single-particle structure and collectivity
 probing of shell structure
 working towards reliable theoretical models
low-lying dipole strength important for e.g. (g,n)

10. Production of short-lived radioactive beams
Isotope Separation On-Line
Reaction of light projectile (p, d, n) on a heavy target
Spallation
Fission
Fragmentation
Exotic nucleus produced in-flight
as fragment of heavy beam
Fragmentation
Fission
Diffusion out of thick target:
depends on chemistry
Slow process
Fragments fly forward with beam velocity (30-90% c)
Physical separation only
- Fast separation

11. REX-ISOLDE
From
PS Booster
1.4 GeV
MINIBALL

12. Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) in Darmstadt
Ion source
Target Area
Therapy
UNILAC
ESR
Ion source
(high Q)
FRS
Experimental hall
8-20% c
(3-20 MeV/nucleon) N
SIS
Max. 90% c
(2 GeV/nucleon)

13. Production of 100Sn and T1/2 of rp-process nucleiDE
124Xe beam
E= 1 A.GeV
TOF DE
First production of 100Sn
TUM
T. Faestermann et al., EPJA 15 (2002) 185
A. Stolz et al.

14. FAIR: Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
Primary Beams
1012/s; GeV/u; 238U28+
Factor over present in intensity
Future Facility
SIS 100/300
GSI today
SIS 18
UNILAC
ESR
100 m
HESR
Super
FRS
Secondary Beams
Broad range of radioactive beams
up to GeV/u;
up to factor in intensity over present
Antiprotons GeV
RESR CR
Storage and Cooler Rings
Radioactive beams
e- - A and Antiproton-A collider
NESR

15. Current experimental program
Decay spectroscopy and T1/2:
- 100Sn and vicinity (GSI, RIKEN)
A~90 Ge,As,Se (ILL Grenoble)
128Pd and vicinity (GSI)
below 208Pb (GSI)
Coulomb REX-ISOLDE
N=40-50 Ni, Cu, Zn
Cd, Xe, Ba around N=82
Probing evolution of shell structure
knock-out and inelastic excitation:
55Ti, 73Cu (GSI)
42Si, 54Ca and vicinity (RIKEN)
transfer reactions at REX-ISOLDE
~ 32Mg, ~ 68Ni

16. Reach of mass- and T1/2 measurements at FAIR
Source:
ILIMA collaboration
Other future facilities:
RIKEN
CERN
GANIL
MSU

17. Summary
Properties of nuclei involved in nucleosynthesis are often not well known experimentally
Theoretical models and extrapolations vary significantly  lack of reliable predictions
Current and future radioactive beam facilities allow for
Investigation of key nuclei to distinguish between theoretical models  towards a unified nuclear theory
Direct measurement of properties of relevant nuclei
Local groups (LS Krücken, LS Habs) involved in experiments and methodical developments
New Professorship in Nuclear Astrophysics will strengthen local effort