1. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg 1 Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Curt-Engelhorn Chair in American History Prof. Dr. Manfred Berg Winter Term 2008/2009 The Reluctant Empire? U.S. Foreign Relations in the 20th Century

2. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg The U.S. and the Second World War The Debate between Internationalists and Isolationists The Road to Pearl Harbor The War Effort War Aims and Peace Plans

3. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1882-1945 US Asst. Sec. of the Navy, 1913-1920 New York Governor, 1929-1932 US President, 1933-1945

4. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg German Blitzkrieg, 1940 German soldiers advance into France May, 1940

5. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg American Neutrality, 1939-1940 Neutrality in Action but not in Thought Cash and Carry of War Materials Destroyer-for-Bases Deal

6. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg America First Fortress America Charles Lindbergh addresses the America First Committee

7. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg Lend-Lease, 1941 Arsenal of Democracy Sale, transfer, lend or lease to any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States. Initial amount $7 billion, total amount in Word War II $50 billion.

8. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg Shoot on Sight! It is time for all Americans to stop being deluded by the romantic notion that the Americas can go on living happily and peacefully in a Nazi- dominated world. FDR, September 11, 1941

9. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg East Asia, 1937 - 1941 Japanese Expansion in East Asia and the Pacific

10. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg Toward Pearl Harbor July 1940: U.S. embargo of steel and scrap iron against Japan August 1940: Japan claims Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere September 1940: Tripartite Pact between Japan, Germany, and Italy July 1941: Japan occupies French Indochina – U.S. freezes Japanese assets and imposes total trade embargo

11. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg A Day that will live in Infamy! Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Dec. 7, 1941

12. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg The Home Front B-24 Assembly line production at Consolidated-Vultee Plant, Fort Worth, Texas

13. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg Rosie, the Riveter We Can Do It poster showcasing Rosie the Riveter by Howard Miller, 1942

14. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg D-Day, June 6, 1944

15. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg Iwo Jima, 1945 The Battle of Iwo Jima, Feb.-March, 1945

16. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg Hiroshima, August 6, 1945

17. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg Sir Winston Churchill, 1874-1965 First Lord of the Admiralty, 1911-1915/1939 Chancellor of the Exchequer, 1924–29 British Prime Minister, 1940-1945/1951-1955

18. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg Joseph Stalin, 1878-1953 General Sec. of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 1922-1953 Uncle Joe

19. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg Atlantic Charter, August 1941 Nonaggression Self-Government Collective Security Free Trade Destruction of Nazi Tyranny

20. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg Casablanca and Cairo, 1943 Churchill and Roosevelt demand unconditional surrender of Germany and Japan The two leaders negotiate in Casablanca

21. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg The Big Three at Teheran, November 1943

22. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg Henry J. Morgenthau, 1891-1967 Germany should become a country primarily agricultural and pastoral in its character.

23. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg The Big Three at Yalta, February 1945

24. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg Yalta Protocol World Organization Declaration on Liberated Europe Germany demilitarized and divided into four occupation zones Reparations Punishment of War Criminals Territorial Readjustment of Poland

25. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg Harry S. Truman, 1884-1972 US Senator, 1935-1945 US Vice President 1945 US President 1945-1953 Harry Truman April 19, 1945

26. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg The Potsdam Conference, July-August 1945 L to R: Churchill, Truman and Stalin at the outset of the Potsdam Conf.

27. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg The Greatest Generation