1. Titel og undertitel skal stå med store bogstaver (Versaler) og skal holdes indenfor de to vandrette grå linjer. Titlen kan stå i farve, eller der kan vælges en baggrundsfarve fra en af farvepaletterne til feltet mellem de to vandrette linjer. Bemærk at farverne virker mere neddæmpede når de projiceres op, end de gør på pc-skærmen. Education and divorce - Investigating trajectories of female immigrants in Denmark Anika Liversage, senior researcher SFI – the Danish National Centre for Social Research ani@sfi.dk

2. Overskrift og underoverskrift i versaler. Underoverskrifter og brødtekst står altid i den fast definerede grå. Structure of presentation Background: Post doc research project Conceptual approach: trajectories How do these marriages begin? Divorce and education – different narratives and patterns The importance of societal structures

3. Overskrift og underoverskrift i versaler. Underoverskrifter og brødtekst står altid i den fast definerede grå. Interviews for post doc project All divorcees and spouses: Turkish backgrounds Men and women (but men are hard to get) Interviewed in either Danish or Turkish ”2nd generation immigrants” vs. family migrants

4. Overskrift og underoverskrift i versaler. Underoverskrifter og brødtekst står altid i den fast definerede grå. ”Triple biography approach” (de Courgeau, 1990) First: Discover the three separate histories of a person: - Family trajectory (S.P.: marriage, children, divorce) - Education/ work trajectory (S.P.:entering ed., graduating) - Migration trajectory (S.P.: migrating, moving) Then explore: ”the relationships between these three histories to discover which is connected to, or determines which, at what times and in what contexts” (King, 2004, p.29; Courgeau, 1990) Does educating make women divorce, does divorcing make women educate, or are both these trajectory changes part of same process?

5. Overskrift og underoverskrift i versaler. Underoverskrifter og brødtekst står altid i den fast definerede grå. Trajectories at status passage of marriage – for marriage migrant woman Migration Family Ed./work TurkeyDenmark UnmarriedMarried Home maker Time Status passage – marriage and migration Age: 16-19 years

6. Overskrift og underoverskrift i versaler. Underoverskrifter og brødtekst står altid i den fast definerede grå. Trajectories at status passage of marriage – for 2nd generation woman Migration Family Ed./work Denmark UnmarriedMarried 8th gradeUnskilled work / home maker Time Status passage – marriage and school drop-out Age: 16-19 years

7. Overskrift og underoverskrift i versaler. Underoverskrifter og brødtekst står altid i den fast definerede grå. Divorce -> eduation. Example: Ebru, 34 yrs old (Marriage migrant) Migration Family Ed./work TurkeyDenmark UnmarriedMarried ”Home maker” Time S.P. Divorce (age 21) – then enters education High School Divorced Student S.P. marriage (age 18)

8. Overskrift og underoverskrift i versaler. Underoverskrifter og brødtekst står altid i den fast definerede grå. Eduation, other changes -> divorce Example: Alev, 39 yrs old - (2nd generation) Migration Family Ed./work Denmark UnmarriedMarried ”Home” Time 8th grade Divorced StudentWork Marriage (17) Education Divorce (age 32)

9. Overskrift og underoverskrift i versaler. Underoverskrifter og brødtekst står altid i den fast definerede grå. Eduation and divorce intertwined Example: Dilek (2nd generation) Migration Family Ed./work Denmark UnmarriedMarried ”Home” Time 8th grade Divorced Student

10. Overskrift og underoverskrift i versaler. Underoverskrifter og brødtekst står altid i den fast definerede grå. Education and divorce – some quotes ”…..he wanted me to stop the education and become the old Dilek. He threatened me to choose, because he thought I would choose the marriage. But I did not”. (Dilek, 2nd G). ”I entered the pedagogue study – and then, 3 month later, I got divorced (laughs)” (Nilgün, marriage migrant) ”…Men have said: ’Do you want to be like Manolya?! Because Manolya got divorced!’ And, really, it is the other way around: I educated after I got divorced’”. (Manolya, marriage migrant)

11. Overskrift og underoverskrift i versaler. Underoverskrifter og brødtekst står altid i den fast definerede grå. Education and divorce – some quotes II ”He studied [at university] when we met, but he dropped out. I really moved ahead [ín education]… He did not want me to study – he was unskilled and the woman should not be ahead of him. Turkish tradition says that the wife should be 100 meters behind the man. Hell, it does not! It is his brain that says so” (Güler, 2G woman, divorced from 2G man).

12. Overskrift og underoverskrift i versaler. Underoverskrifter og brødtekst står altid i den fast definerede grå. Education and divorce – some thoughts Narratives I – female considerations Dissatisfaction with (married) life  change through education From here-and-now to longer-term From wife as earner / service provider to childrens’ role model From woman-in-family to individual in society (”integration”) Narratives II – family experiences Husbands seek to prevent entry into education Disappointments over lack of support for educational project Conflicts over women’s outside life, less cooking, worse econonmy Husband’s violence and infidelity – also tied to concepts of masculinity?

13. Overskrift og underoverskrift i versaler. Underoverskrifter og brødtekst står altid i den fast definerede grå. Precondition for education: Societal structures - residency and education Migration Family Ed./work TurkeyDenmark UnmarriedMarried High school Time marriagedivorce Turkey Unmarried Home makerIn home Case: Selma, 29 yrs old. (Married at 18, divorced at 19)

14. Overskrift og underoverskrift i versaler. Underoverskrifter og brødtekst står altid i den fast definerede grå. Where is the study to go from here? Education undermines male power through financial and personal independence Individualization vs. (only)-part-of-family Education and divorce part of same process of increased female self-determination E.g. infidelity as male responses to ”changing” women – or female strength to stop living with it Men do not seem to educate… But also high costs of divorcing – stigma and a hard single- mother life

15. Overskrift og underoverskrift i versaler. Underoverskrifter og brødtekst står altid i den fast definerede grå. Comments welcome: ani@sfi.dk