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Foam
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Foam Solution of air, water, foam concentrate, and mechanical agitation used to form a floating ‘blanket’ on flammable and combustible liquids. It prevents or extinguishes a fire by excluding air and cooling fuel. Foam also aids in preventing reignition by suppressing flammable vapors.
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Terminology Foam concentrate - from factory
Foam solution - water + concentrate Finished foam solution water + concentrate + mechanical agitation
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Foam Tetrahedron Concentrate Water Air Aeration (mechanical agitation)
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Types of Foam Protein Fluoroprotein
Film Forming Fluoroprotein Foam (FFFP) Aqeous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) Alcohol Resistant AFFF (AR-AFFF)
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Protein Originated in WWII Derived from natural sources 3% or 6%
Excellent water retention High heat resistance 35 to 120 degrees F Hydrocarbons only 10 year shelf life
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Fluoroprotein Fluorochemical surfactants added to reg. Protein foam
Can be used for Subsurface Injection Not affected by thawing or freezing 3%-6% 35-120 10 year shelf life
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Film Forming Fluoroprotein Foam (FFFP)
3%-6% degrees F Can be stored premixed in apparatus Not affected by thawing or freezing Can be used with fresh or salt water
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Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF)
Most used All synthetic 1% - 3% - 6% Can be used with salt or fresh water Can be premixed in apparatus water tanks degrees F Good low temperature viscosity
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Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) cont.
Suitable for subsurface injection Can be used as Class A foam if needed Effective only on hydrocarbons
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Alcohol Resistant AFFF
Same charcteristics as AFFF but can also be used on polar solvents!
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Expansion Ratios Low Expansion – up to 20:1 (we use 10:1)
Medium Expansion – :1 (Haz-Mat vapor mitigation) High Expansion – :1 (Confined Space)
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Types of Fuels Hydrocarbons Polar Solvents
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Hydrocarbons Products of crude oil Do not mix with water
Gasoline, Diesel, JP8, Kerosene, Asphalt, Motor oils, Vegetable oil, and Animal Fat
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Polar Solvents Products of distillation Easily mix with water
Ketones, Esters, Alcohol, Amine, MTBE
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Foam Equipment Eductors HLP-9 (in-line) PC-30A
Foam nozzles JS PC PC PC Task Force Tip Foam Adapter
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HLP-9 In-line eductor Works off of venturi effect
Large amount of friction loss No more than 6 feet between eductor and concentrate surface Pump at 200 psi
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HLP-9 No more than 200 feet between eductor and nozzle
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PC-30A Utilized for Sub-Surface Injection
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JS-10 1-1/2” nozzle 100 gpm at 100 psi
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PC-31 2-1/2” nozzle 310 gpm at 100 psi
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PC-50 This nozzle under ideal conditions is capable of delivering 500 gallons of finished foam solution per minute It has a reach of 170 feet at 150 PSI
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PC-100 Capable of delivering 1000 gallons per minute of finished foam solution under ideal conditions Has a reach of 190 feet at 150 PSI
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Task Force Tip - Foam Adapter
Purpose is to provide additional foam as a master stream Can be used on ground monitors or elevated master streams (ladder trucks)
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Tactics
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Establish an Excellent Water Supply!
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Solution
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Size up How large is the spill\fire? What resources are needed?
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Approach Scene If possible approach from upwind
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Application Techniques
Bounce off Bank in Rain down
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blanket Minimum 4” blanket
If you must walk through blanket do not pick feet up!
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Chesapeake’s First Foam Unit
Property of Shell Utilized a dry powder hopper which worked off of a venturi effect Carried A & B foam
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Foam 35 Donated by the Department of Civil Defense.
It carried an extinguishing agent called “Purple K” which is located in the center dome shaped container. It also carried the A & B type foam powder.
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Engine 6 Chesapeake Fire Department’s third foam unit
Manufactured in house by CFD Personnel
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Foam 12 Foam 12 - 1978 Pem-Fab / National Foam
Designed with a balanced pressure system 1000 GPM pump 275 gal. Water tank 128 GPM Foam pump with 550 gallons of Universal Gold Currently assigned in the Western Branch area
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Engine 1 1993 Pierce / National Foam Unit
Has a balanced pressure system 2000 GPM water pump with 500 gallons water 250 GPM foam pump with 500 gallons Universal Gold
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Foam 1 1973 Chevrolet Carries 1400 gallons of XL-3 type foam
Also carries a limited supply of foam appliances
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Chesapeake’s Foam Universal Gold 3% AR-AFFF XL Fluoroprotein
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Engine Company 15 gal. Universal Gold 3% HLP9 in-line eductor
JS-10 foam nozzle
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