1. PowerPoint Presentation
Henry Phinazee
Averett University
Instruction via Media (ED 509)
Instructor: Dr. Jane Quenneville
February 15, 2008

2. Second Semester Imperialism to WWI
Unit 7
VUS.9a-b
US History 06-07

3. Imperialism
The policy and practice of forming and maintaining an empire in seeking to control raw materials and world markets by conquest of other countries and/or establishing colonies.

4. American Imperialism
Many 20th century American foreign policy issues have their origins in America’s emergence as a world power at the end of the 19th century.
America’s intervention in WW I ensured her role as a world power for the rest of the century.

5. American Imperialism
The growing role of the US in international trade displayed the American urge to build, innovate, and explore new markets.
Growth of international trade occurred from the late 1800s until WW I.
The first era of a true “GLOBAL ECONOMY”
Expansionism.asx

6. Creation of International Markets
Open Door Policy
Secretary of State John Hay proposed a policy that would give all nations equal access and trading rights with China
He did not want any one country to take over China

7. John Hay
Secretary Of
State

8. Gunboat Diplomacy (Big Stick Theory)
Teddy Roosevelt’s philosophy of dealing with the world.
“Speak softly, but carry a big stick.”
Used the Navy to show our strength.

9. Dollar Diplomacy
President Taft urged American banks and businesses to invest in Latin America
He promised the US government would step in if unrest threatened the investment

10. Moral Diplomacy Woodrow Wilson’s view.
The US would look at the morality of every situation and decide on our actions accordingly.

11. Dealings with Latin America
Spanish American War
Puerto Rico was annexed by the US
The US asserted the right to intervene in Cuban affairs
We acquired the Philippines and Guam

13. Panama Canal US “encouraged” Panama’s independence from Colombia
We negotiated a treaty with France, Colombia, and Panama to build the canal

14. Panama Canal during construction

15. Asia and the Pacific Hawaii US businessmen will overthrow the Queen
Political leaders asked to be annexed by the US

16. Philippines Open Door Policy
annexed after the Spanish-American War
Open Door Policy
Urged all foreigners to obey Chinese law
Observe fair trade competition

17. World War I / The Great War
Causes of the Great War
Nationalism
Arms race (militarism)
Imperialism
Entangling Alliances
causes of WWI Slide 19.asx

18. Events in Europe War in Europe begins in 1914
A Serbian nationalist will assassinate the Archduke of Austria-Hungary.
Serbia has a treaty with Russia, Austria-Hungary has a treaty with Germany, Russia has a treaty with France etc. etc. etc

20. The Domino Effect A little regional problem becomes a big mess
The US will remain neutral and most Americans wanted to stay out of European affairs

22. From Isolationism to Belligerency
Wilson will keep the US out of WWI for three years
The US will declare war in 1917 because of German submarine strategy and our long standing ties to Great Britain

25. Woodrow Wilson’s Policy/Stance
Wilson said we were going to war “ to make the world safe for democracy” and to protect the principle of freedom of the seas.
Why We Entered WWI Lusitania and Zimmermann Slide 28.asx

26. The US will join the Allies
The Players
Allied Powers
Great Britain
France
Russia
Serbia
Italy
Central Powers
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire (Turkey)
Bulgaria
The US will join the Allies

27. WWI the Early Years The war has become a stalemate.
Russia will drop out and America will enter just as Germany is making one last attempt to break through.
America’s military resources of men and materials will tip the balance in favor of the Allies.

29. World War Technological Advances
Causalities of war
Trenches/Barbed Wire
Machine Guns
No Man’s Land
New Cannons
Poison Gas/Chemical Weapons
Tanks
Fame Throwers
Balloons/Airplanes
Trench Warfare.asx

30. World War II Ends
Germany will ask for an armistice (cease fire)
It will go into effect on November 11th, 1918
(11-11 at 11:00am)
The war is over, now for the peace treaty

31. Fourteen Points
To guarantee no other wars like this one, President Wilson will create a peace plan named the Fourteen Points.
He will take his plan to the peace conference in Paris
He hoped to eliminate the causes of war

32. Wilson had several key points
Self determination for all groups
Freedom of the seas for all nations
A Mandate system for all former colonies of Germany
A League of Nations

33. Self-Determination
Self determination-the idea that all ethnic groups should decide which country they belonged in
Idea accepted at the Peace Conference
Leads to new nations being created after World War I (Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia)

34. The European Mandates
Mandate system set up former colonies on a “learn to be a nation” program with a sponsor nation showing them how
(Palestine, India and several others)

35. League of Nations
The League of Nations was an international forum or peacekeeping organization set up to settle disputes before they caused a war

36. Treaty of Versailles (ver sigh)
Wilson’s ideas were only partially successful
Great Britain and France wanted to punish Germany
National Boundaries across Europe will be redrawn
A League of Nations will be created

37. The Impact of the War on Germany
Germany forced to pay huge reparations payments. (Billions of dollars)
Germany stripped of its colonies, army and navy, and many of its factories
Reparations – payment for damages caused by the war.

40. Ratification of the Treaty of Versailles in the US
Many Americans objected to the Treaty because it contained the League of Nations.
We very much wanted to return to isolationism.
They did not want to have our foreign policy dependent on an outside international organization.

41. President Wilson’s Legacy
After months of debates and a speaking tour of the US by Wilson, the Senate will vote against the treaty three times (this kills it).
Wilson has a stroke during the tour and will become ineffective and stubborn
The US will sign a separate agreement with Germany declaring the War over in the 1920s