1. Welcome to Weather-Related Decision- Making for General Aviation Pilots Flight 4 – Brookings State, Oregon TO Redmond, Oregon 1Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D. STOP You MUST view this program using the SLIDE SHOW feature of PowerPoint. If you dont use the SLIDE SHOW then the slides will not appear in the correct sequence, and youll just get a big mess. Start the SLIDE SHOW now by clicking on the VIEW tab on the menu bar, and then selecting Slide Show. You must also have internet access in order for the videos to be downloaded

2. Complete a Flight - Instructions Now lets put things together in a series of flights in which you need to be aware of changing weather conditions, and you need to consider all the factors related to an in-flight diversion. Each flight has been divided into a series of segments. At the end of each segment you will see a video clip of the weather conditions that you are currently experiencing. At the end of the video clip you will be asked whether you would like to continue the flight or divert to an alternate destination. If you decide to divert, a number of options will appear, and you will be asked to select an option and choose a new destination. Throughout the flight, you will have access to the material that is normally available during a cross-country flight under visual flight rules. You can access this material by clicking on the list. Before you begin the flight you have the opportunity to spend as much time as you like examining this material. Because of computer limitations, the Aeronautical Chart for each flight is not very detailed. If you wish to see a more detailed map, click on the Map Link and you will be taken to a web site in which you can zoom and scan in to see a very detailed view of the route. Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.2

3. Flight 4 Brookings State (OR) via Medford (OR) to Redmond (OR) Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.3 Review flight details Aeronautical ChartAeronautical Chart [Map Link][Map Link] Airports Brookings State Medford Redmond Chiloquin State Illinois Valley Crescent Lake State Area Forecast Meteorological Reports Weather Charts Radar Summary Surface Weather Terminal Area Forecast Flight Plan TAKEOFF

4. Flight 4 Brookings State (OR) via Medford (OR) to Redmond (OR) Review flight details Aeronautical Chart [Map Link] Aeronautical Chart[Map Link] Airports – Brookings State Brookings State – Medford Medford – Redmond Redmond – Chiloquin State Chiloquin State – Illinois Valley Illinois Valley – Crescent Lake State Crescent Lake State Area Forecast Meteorological Reports Weather Charts – Radar Summary Radar Summary – Surface Weather Surface Weather Terminal Area Forecast Flight Plan Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.4 Make a decision Divert Continue You are currently: 20 nm NE of Brookings

5. Flight 4 Brookings State (OR) via Medford (OR) to Redmond (OR) Review flight details Aeronautical Chart [Map Link] Aeronautical Chart[Map Link] Airports – Brookings State Brookings State – Medford Medford – Redmond Redmond – Chiloquin State Chiloquin State – Illinois Valley Illinois Valley – Crescent Lake State Crescent Lake State Area Forecast Meteorological Reports Weather Charts – Radar Summary Radar Summary – Surface Weather Surface Weather Terminal Area Forecast Flight Plan Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.5 Make a decision Divert Continue You are currently: 40 nm NE of Brookings

6. Flight 4 Brookings State (OR) via Medford (OR) to Redmond (OR) Review flight details Aeronautical Chart [Map Link] Aeronautical Chart[Map Link] Airports – Brookings State Brookings State – Medford Medford – Redmond Redmond – Chiloquin State Chiloquin State – Illinois Valley Illinois Valley – Crescent Lake State Crescent Lake State Area Forecast Meteorological Reports Weather Charts – Radar Summary Radar Summary – Surface Weather Surface Weather Terminal Area Forecast Flight Plan Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.6 Make a decision Divert Continue You are currently: 60 nm NE of Brookings

7. Flight 4 Brookings State (OR) via Medford (OR) to Redmond (OR) Review flight details Aeronautical Chart [Map Link] Aeronautical Chart[Map Link] Airports – Brookings State Brookings State – Medford Medford – Redmond Redmond – Chiloquin State Chiloquin State – Illinois Valley Illinois Valley – Crescent Lake State Crescent Lake State Area Forecast Meteorological Reports Weather Charts – Radar Summary Radar Summary – Surface Weather Surface Weather Terminal Area Forecast Flight Plan Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.7 Make a decision Divert Continue You are currently: 20 nm NE of Medford

8. Flight 4 Brookings State (OR) via Medford (OR) to Redmond (OR) Review flight details Aeronautical Chart [Map Link] Aeronautical Chart[Map Link] Airports – Brookings State Brookings State – Medford Medford – Redmond Redmond – Chiloquin State Chiloquin State – Illinois Valley Illinois Valley – Crescent Lake State Crescent Lake State Area Forecast Meteorological Reports Weather Charts – Radar Summary Radar Summary – Surface Weather Surface Weather Terminal Area Forecast Flight Plan Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.8 Make a decision Divert Continue You are currently: 40 nm NE of Medford

9. Flight 4 Brookings State (OR) via Medford (OR) to Redmond (OR) Review flight details Aeronautical Chart [Map Link] Aeronautical Chart[Map Link] Airports – Brookings State Brookings State – Medford Medford – Redmond Redmond – Chiloquin State Chiloquin State – Illinois Valley Illinois Valley – Crescent Lake State Crescent Lake State Area Forecast Meteorological Reports Weather Charts – Radar Summary Radar Summary – Surface Weather Surface Weather Terminal Area Forecast Flight Plan Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.9 Make a decision Divert Continue You are currently: 60 nm NE of Medford

10. Flight 4 Brookings State (OR) via Medford (OR) to Redmond (OR) Review flight details Aeronautical Chart [Map Link] Aeronautical Chart[Map Link] Airports – Brookings State Brookings State – Medford Medford – Redmond Redmond – Chiloquin State Chiloquin State – Illinois Valley Illinois Valley – Crescent Lake State Crescent Lake State Area Forecast Meteorological Reports Weather Charts – Radar Summary Radar Summary – Surface Weather Surface Weather Terminal Area Forecast Flight Plan Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.10 Make a decision Divert Continue You are currently: 80 nm NE of Medford

11. Flight 4 Brookings State (OR) via Medford (OR) to Redmond (OR) Review flight details Aeronautical Chart [Map Link] Aeronautical Chart[Map Link] Airports – Brookings State Brookings State – Medford Medford – Redmond Redmond – Chiloquin State Chiloquin State – Illinois Valley Illinois Valley – Crescent Lake State Crescent Lake State Area Forecast Meteorological Reports Weather Charts – Radar Summary Radar Summary – Surface Weather Surface Weather Terminal Area Forecast Flight Plan Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.11 Make a decision Divert Continue You are currently: 100 nm NE of Medford

12. Flight 4 Brookings State (OR) via Medford (OR) to Redmond (OR) Review flight details Aeronautical Chart [Map Link] Aeronautical Chart[Map Link] Airports – Brookings State Brookings State – Medford Medford – Redmond Redmond – Chiloquin State Chiloquin State – Illinois Valley Illinois Valley – Crescent Lake State Crescent Lake State Area Forecast Meteorological Reports Weather Charts – Radar Summary Radar Summary – Surface Weather Surface Weather Terminal Area Forecast Flight Plan Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.12 Make a decision Divert Continue You are currently: 120 nm NE of Medford

13. Flight 4 Aeronautical Chart Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.13 RETURN

14. Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.14 Brookings State RETURN

15. Medford Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.15 RETURN

16. Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.16 Redmond RETURN

17. Chiloquin State Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.17

18. Illinois Valley Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.18

19. Crescent Lake State Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.19

20. Flight 4 – Weather Forecast Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.20 RETURN

21. Flight 4 – Meteorological Reports Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.21 RETURN

22. Flight 4 – Weather Charts – Radar Summary Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.22 RETURN

23. Flight 4 – Weather Charts – Surface Weather Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.23 RETURN

24. Flight 4 - TAF Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.24 RETURN

25. Flight 4 – Flight Plan Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.25 RETURN

26. Brookings State to Redmond: Divert 1 IndicatorDeteriorationNo ChangeImprovement Cloud-base Visibility Cloud Coloring Cloud Density Terrain Clearance Rain Showers Cloud Type Horizon Brookings Illinois Valley Medford Chiloquin State Crescent Lake DistanceVery Good Expected Weather Good FacilitiesVery GoodPoor En-route Terrain Very Good Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.26 Expected weather conditions are anticipated on the basis of both the forecast and the prevailing conditions experienced during the flight. Diversion Alternatives Go back to where you diverted. Continue At this stage of the flight it is useful to compare the conditions to those that were reported in the meteorological report. Since there has been no significant change in any of the indicators recorded in the meteorological report, the decision to divert is not necessarily warranted at this stage of the flight. Nevertheless, should you feel uncomfortable in the conditions, you should consider your options and perhaps divert to an alternate airport until you feel more comfortable with the conditions. Weather Conditions at Diversion Point (Compared to Previous Stage)

27. Brookings State to Redmond: Divert 2 IndicatorDeteriorationNo ChangeImprovement Cloud-base Visibility Cloud Coloring Cloud Density Terrain Clearance Rain Showers Cloud Type Horizon Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.27 Expected weather conditions are anticipated on the basis of both the forecast and the prevailing conditions experienced during the flight. Diversion Alternatives Brookings Illinois Valley Medford Chiloquin State Crescent Lake DistanceGood Very Good Expected Weather Good FacilitiesVery GoodPoor En-route Terrain Good Very Good In comparison to the preceding stage of the flight, the majority of indicators remain unchanged. However, there does appear to be an improvement in the density of the cloud. Since there is no deterioration in any of the indicators, the decision to divert might be considered premature at this stage of the flight. Nevertheless, should you feel uncomfortable in the conditions, you should consider your options and perhaps divert to an alternate airport until you feel more comfortable with the conditions. Weather Conditions at Diversion Point (Compared to Previous Stage) Go back to where you diverted. Continue

28. Brookings State to Redmond: Divert 3 IndicatorDeteriorationNo ChangeImprovement Cloud-base Visibility Cloud Coloring Cloud Density Terrain Clearance Rain Showers Cloud Type Horizon Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.28 Expected weather conditions are anticipated on the basis of both the forecast and the prevailing conditions experienced during the flight. Diversion Alternatives Go back to where you diverted. Continue Brookings Illinois Valley Medford Chiloquin State Crescent Lake DistanceFairGood Expected Weather Good FacilitiesVery GoodPoor En-route Terrain Fair At this stage of the flight it appears that the visibility may have improved somewhat. Since there is no deterioration in any of the indicators, the decision to divert might be considered premature at this stage of the flight. Nevertheless, should you feel uncomfortable in the conditions, you should consider your options and perhaps divert to an alternate airport until you feel more comfortable with the conditions. Weather Conditions at Diversion Point (Compared to Previous Stage)

29. Brookings State to Redmond: Divert 4 IndicatorDeteriorationNo ChangeImprovement Cloud-base Visibility Cloud Coloring Cloud Density Terrain Clearance Rain Showers Cloud Type Horizon Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.29 Expected weather conditions are anticipated on the basis of both the forecast and the prevailing conditions experienced during the flight. Diversion Alternatives Go back to where you diverted. Continue Brookings Illinois Valley Medford Chiloquin State Crescent Lake DistanceFairGood Expected Weather Good FacilitiesPoorVery GoodFair En-route Terrain PoorVery GoodGood At this stage of the flight, a number of indicators have deteriorated, including the cloud-base, the visibility, and the cloud density. The clouds have also darkened and the horizon is no longer visible. Since at least three of the weather-related indicators have deteriorated, a diversion is considered appropriate at this stage of the flight. Weather Conditions at Diversion Point (Compared to Previous Stage)

30. Brookings State to Redmond: Divert 5 IndicatorDeteriorationNo ChangeImprovement Cloud-base Visibility Cloud Coloring Cloud Density Terrain Clearance Rain Showers Cloud Type Horizon Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.30 Expected weather conditions are anticipated on the basis of both the forecast and the prevailing conditions experienced during the flight. Diversion Alternatives Go back to where you diverted. Continue Brookings Illinois Valley Medford Chiloquin State Crescent Lake DistanceVery GoodGood Expected Weather Good Poor FacilitiesVery GoodFair En-route Terrain Good Very Good While there have been improvements in a number of the indicators at this stage, it probably reflects the fact that the deterioration at the previous stage was so poor. Given the conditions experienced during the preceding stage of the flight, a decision to divert should really have been made at this stage. Weather Conditions at Diversion Point (Compared to Previous Stage)

31. Brookings State to Redmond: Divert 6 IndicatorDeteriorationNo ChangeImprovement Cloud-base Visibility Cloud Coloring Cloud Density Terrain Clearance Rain Showers Cloud Type Horizon Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.31 Expected weather conditions are anticipated on the basis of both the forecast and the prevailing conditions experienced during the flight. Diversion Alternatives Go back to where you diverted. Continue Brookings Illinois Valley Medford Chiloquin State Crescent Lake DistanceFair Very Good Expected Weather FairGoodPoor FacilitiesVery GoodFair En-route Terrain Good Very Good Despite the conditions at the previous stage of the flight, three of the indicators have deteriorated at the present stage. In particular, visibility has deteriorated, the clouds have darkened, and the density of the cloud has increased. Given that there are three indicators that have deteriorated, it is important to consider the need for a diversion at this stage. Weather Conditions at Diversion Point (Compared to Previous Stage)

32. Brookings State to Redmond: : Divert 7 IndicatorDeteriorationNo ChangeImprovement Cloud-base Visibility Cloud Coloring Cloud Density Terrain Clearance Rain Showers Cloud Type Horizon Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.32 Expected weather conditions are anticipated on the basis of both the forecast and the prevailing conditions experienced during the flight. Diversion Alternatives Go back to where you diverted. Continue Brookings Illinois Valley Medford Chiloquin State Crescent Lake DistancePoorVery Good Expected Weather FairVery Poor FacilitiesFair En-route Terrain GoodVery Good There has been a deterioration in most of the weather-related indicators at this stage of the flight. The flight is being conducted in conditions that are below that required for visual meteorological conditions, and a diversion should have been initiated at the first stage at which at least three of the weather-related indicators had deteriorated. Weather Conditions at Diversion Point (Compared to Previous Stage)

33. Brookings State to Redmond: Divert 8 IndicatorDeteriorationNo ChangeImprovement Cloud-base Visibility Cloud Coloring Cloud Density Terrain Clearance Rain Showers Cloud Type Horizon Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.33 Expected weather conditions are anticipated on the basis of both the forecast and the prevailing conditions experienced during the flight. Diversion Alternatives Go back to where you diverted. Continue Brookings Illinois Valley Medford Chiloquin State Crescent Lake DistancePoorVery Good Expected Weather FairVery Poor FacilitiesFair En-route Terrain GoodVery Good Although there has been relatively little change in the weather-related indicators from the previous stage of the flight, the conditions remain well below that required for visual flight. Consequently, there are now very few options remaining for the visual pilot, and a diversion should really have been initiated at the first stage at which at least three of the weather-related indicators had deteriorated. Weather Conditions at Diversion Point (Compared to Previous Stage)

34. Brookings State to Redmond: Divert 9 IndicatorDeteriorationNo ChangeImprovement Cloud-base Visibility Cloud Coloring Cloud Density Terrain Clearance Rain Showers Cloud Type Horizon Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.34 Expected weather conditions are anticipated on the basis of both the forecast and the prevailing conditions experienced during the flight. Diversion Alternatives Go back to where you diverted. Continue Brookings Illinois Valley Medford Chiloquin State Crescent Lake DistancePoorVery Good Expected Weather FairVery Poor FacilitiesFair En-route Terrain GoodVery Good Although there has been relatively little change in the weather-related indicators from the previous stage of the flight, the conditions remain well below that required for visual flight. Consequently, there are now very few options remaining for the visual pilot, and a diversion should really have been initiated at the first stage at which at least three of the weather-related indicators had deteriorated. Weather Conditions at Diversion Point (Compared to Previous Stage)

35. IMC You are now flying your aircraft in Instrument Meteorological Conditions. If you are a visually-rated pilot, this is a violation of your privileges. More importantly, as a visually-rated pilot, it is very possible that you will lost control of the aircraft or will collide with the terrain while attempting to escape from the clouds. In the interest of developing the skills necessary to avoid unintended flight into IMC, you may wish to take this flight again, taking care to note the weather-related indicators that occur throughout the flight. Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.35

36. In-Flight Diversions - Summary This section of the program was designed to give you an opportunity to practice in-flight weather- related decisions. You should now be able to recognize the onset of deteriorating conditions using the weather indicators, and you should be aware of the way that you make decisions. Finally, you always need to avoid being pressured into continuing a flight. Good airmanship requires that you always give yourself alternatives. Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.36

37. Program Summary You should now be aware of the value of looking for indications that the weather is deteriorating and that you may need to divert, based on good weather-related decision making. We hope that you enjoyed this program, and that you will apply its principles in your future flights. Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.37

38. THE END For more training programs and for self-evaluation exercises, please visit our web site at: www.avhf.comwww.avhf.com Additional training flights are available here.available here Copyright © 2012 David R. Hunter, Ph.D.38