1. 7. Facilities layout

2. Definition Waller describes facility layout as
the arrangement of machines, workstations, storage areas etc to enable an operation to function efficiently, safely and in a cost-effective manner

3. Layout Strategies Many cited by material, but one presented here
Heizer & Render suggest that in most cases, layout will strive to accommodate the following criteria:
Higher utilization of space, equipment and people
Improved flow of information, materials or people
Improved staff morale and safer working conditions
Improved customer interaction
Flexibility, i.e. whatever the layout is now it will need to change

4. Layout & Flow
There are direct links between layout and the flow of operations with a logical flow of materials/components with value being added at each part of the transformation.

5. Types of Layouts Fixed position Process-orientated Office Retail
Warehouse
Product-orientated

6. Fixed Position For large bulky projects such as ships and buildings
The operation remains static and workers and materials come to the site, e.g. chemical plant, new building, shipbuilding, and highway.
Many fixed positions are characterized by lack of space and limitations on resources for the workers and their operations.
Project management is therefore essential to co-ordinate activities e.g. consider the access, use of resources by the operators.

7. Process Oriented
Design places departments with large flows of material or people together or areas having similar processes located in close proximity
This operation can simultaneously handle a wide range of products or services.
Good for processes which have a low volume, high variety set of customers needs.
The advantage of process-orientated layouts is the flexibility.

8. Emergency Room Layout Surgery Radiology E.R. beds Pharmacy
Billing/exit
E.R.Triage room
E.R. Admissions
Patient B - erratic pacemaker
Patient A - broken leg
Hallway

9. Office Arranged by process or product
Example: Payroll dept. is by process
Typically, small teams of workers will share a work cell and each may either initiate or add value to the work of the others.
Examples: R & D, production, operations, sales, finance.

10. Office
Accounting
Manager
Brand X
Finance
Fin.
Acct.

11. Retail
Retail layout is concerned with maximizing profitability per square foot of floor space.
Retail outlets attempt to expose customers to as many products as possible, e.g. cashier stations are often at the rear or side of stores so we have to pass through merchandise before payment.
Where products are stocked denotes their selling strategy. E.g. immediately beyond the entrance, at the end of aisles, at eye height on the shelves.

12. Office Carts Grocery Store
Check- out
Grocery Store
Meat
Bread
Milk
Produce
Frozen Foods

13. Warehouse
The key to warehousing is to find the optimum between storage and layout. Many warehouses are now highly automated and characterized by height ceilings, multiple stacking bins and automated lifts / picking equipment.
The warehouse manager’s job is to utilize as much of the ‘cube’ space as possible while minimizing material handling costs and optimising the flow of goods in & out

14. Warehouse
Zones
Conveyor
Truck
Order Picker

15. Product Oriented Facility organized around product
These layouts are organized to maximize cost-effectiveness on similar goods manufactured on repetitive and continuous production.
There are two main types of product layout –
Fabrication builds components which form part of a larger operation.
Assembly places the fabricated parts together to complete the operation
An important element of both fabrication and assembly is that each part of the operation must be balanced with all others otherwise gaps and bottlenecks will occur.
Management’s goal is to create a smooth flow of work.