1. 1 Prediction of electrical energy by photovoltaic devices in urban situations By. R.C. Ott July 2011

2. 2 General model to compute the electric output of your Solar panels

3. 3 Find out your geographic location and sight to the celestial sphere Where you live

4. 4 The maximum of solar irradiation is a fixed astronomical amount and is dependend of your geographical location. Not each place on Earth is convenient

5. 5 Orientation of your solar panels (= angles α and β) are important for best performances How about your panel azimuth and inclination ? Detailed installation properties

6. 6 Realize that usefull sunlight comes from any direction, but most quantity comes from DIRECT irradiation How much Solar radiadion ?

7. 7 Your (urban) local sky line is mostly not a straight line.. Sky obstructions limits your solar energy capacity

8. 8 An all sky fish-eye lens as equipment to measure your local sky-line

9. 9 Or use a drone to optimize your your panel location if the roof is difficult to enter

10. 10 This fish-eye lens can tell you more about your location

11. 11 The fish-eye photo is equidistant processed by FESA

12. 12 … and imported to Tabulae Solis (In this case, the trees reduce you Solar panel output capacity) Daily direct sun light over a total year

13. 13 SOLAR PANEL CALENDAR ( REAL SKY ) DATE: 06-08-2011 TIME: 12:41:06 Alt = 0 m ; Time zone = 1:0 hour Daylight s.time Location: North 52°06'00" ; East 5°07'00" ; TL(AM2)/Month : 2,75 2,75 3,75 3,75 3,75 3,75 4,25 4,75 4,25 3,75 2,75 2,75 SOLAR PANEL MOUNT: Heading = 154°45' ; Inclination = 45°00' ; Yaw = 0°00' ; Alt. =6 Date Sun-rise Sun-set Hor.Irr. Inc.Irr. Energy ----------------------------------------------------------- 02-01-2011 08:48 16:39 0,11 0,22 0,09 09-01-2011 08:46 16:48 0,13 0,28 0,11 16-01-2011 08:41 16:58 0,17 0,41 0,16 23-01-2011 08:33 17:10 0,20 0,47 0,19 30-01-2011 08:24 17:23 0,28 0,70 0,28 06-02-2011 08:12 17:35 0,37 0,84 0,33 13-02-2011 08:00 17:38 0,44 0,90 0,36 20-02-2011 07:46 17:39 0,54 1,01 0,40 27-02-2011 07:31 17:39 0,59 1,00 0,40 06-03-2011 07:15 17:40 0,64 0,99 0,39 13-03-2011 07:00 17:40 0,71 1,05 0,41 20-03-2011 06:43 17:39 0,87 1,19 0,47 27-03-2011 07:27 18:39 0,93 1,18 0,47 03-04-2011 07:11 18:39 1,14 1,35 0,53 10-04-2011 06:55 18:39 1,38 1,59 0,63 17-04-2011 06:39 18:39 1,48 1,62 0,64 24-04-2011 06:25 18:39 1,58 1,68 0,66 01-05-2011 06:12 18:39 1,65 1,64 0,65 08-05-2011 06:09 18:40 1,75 1,68 0,66 15-05-2011 06:07 18:41 1,94 1,83 0,72 22-05-2011 06:07 18:43 2,06 1,88 0,74 29-05-2011 06:06 18:45 2,06 1,81 0,71 05-06-2011 06:07 18:46 2,33 2,07 0,81 Date Sun-rise Sun-set Hor.Irr. Inc.Irr. Energy ----------------------------------------------------------- 12-06-2011 06:08 18:48 2,24 1,94 0,76 19-06-2011 06:09 18:50 2,26 1,96 0,77 26-06-2011 06:10 18:51 2,39 2,10 0,83 03-07-2011 06:12 18:52 2,27 2,00 0,78 10-07-2011 06:14 18:53 2,19 1,93 0,76 17-07-2011 06:15 18:53 2,06 1,85 0,73 24-07-2011 06:17 18:52 1,95 1,80 0,70 31-07-2011 06:18 18:51 1,83 1,73 0,68 07-08-2011 06:18 18:49 1,73 1,67 0,65 14-08-2011 06:21 18:46 1,63 1,63 0,64 21-08-2011 06:33 18:43 1,57 1,65 0,64 28-08-2011 06:44 18:40 1,46 1,58 0,62 04-09-2011 06:55 18:36 1,39 1,63 0,63 11-09-2011 07:07 18:32 1,13 1,33 0,52 18-09-2011 07:18 18:27 0,93 1,15 0,45 25-09-2011 07:30 18:23 0,89 1,23 0,48 02-10-2011 07:42 18:19 0,77 1,15 0,45 09-10-2011 07:53 18:15 0,69 1,12 0,44 16-10-2011 08:05 18:12 0,61 1,09 0,42 23-10-2011 08:18 18:09 0,53 1,02 0,40 30-10-2011 07:30 17:07 0,44 0,94 0,37 06-11-2011 07:43 17:03 0,35 0,81 0,32 13-11-2011 07:56 16:51 0,26 0,60 0,23 20-11-2011 08:08 16:42 0,21 0,52 0,20 27-11-2011 08:19 16:35 0,18 0,43 0,17 04-12-2011 08:29 16:30 0,14 0,29 0,11 11-12-2011 08:38 16:27 0,12 0,25 0,10 18-12-2011 08:44 16:28 0,11 0,22 0,09 25-12-2011 08:48 16:31 0,11 0,21 0,08 ----------------------------------------------------------- Cum. irradiance on horizontal plane : 391,00 kWh/m² (1406,1 MJ/m²) Cum. irradiance on (inclinated) panel : 443,00 kWh/m² (1593,2 MJ/m²) Total expected energy by panels: 174,00 kWh (625,4 MJ) NOTES: Irradiation values in kWh/m².d, expected energy in kWh/d and all rising/setting times with with respect to the (inclinated) solar panel surface Example of TS data output file to examine your optimal installation and (yearly) capacity prognosis

14. 14 APPLICATIONS ASTRONOMASTRONOM : Astronomical (solar) data TABUSOLTABUSOL: Computing solar panel energy production FESAFESA: Measure and compute your local horizon R.C.Ott http://dutch.nl/rcott/astrohome.htm