1. History of Photojournalism

2. In the beginning
In the mid 1800s the average person was not used to seeing a photographic portrait much less images from the battlefront.
Photojournalism began when people began to document the Civil War by lugging, on horseback, cameras that weighed many pounds.

3. Halftone process — 1870
Image turned into dots (a pattern of black and white dots) that simulate shades of gray
It allowed for realistic-looking photographs rather than an artist’s wood etching
Inaugurated an era of photojournalism and these visual surrogates of reality became an integral aspect of campaigns for social reform.

4. The timeline
1839: Optical and chemical principles combined to allow the creation of camera obscura, the first “camera” (actually the result of inventions that go back as far as the fifth century B.C.).
1871: Canadian Illustrated News prints first halftone in a magazine.

5. The timeline
1877: First illustrated daily newspaper, The Daily Graphic.
1880: The Daily Graphic publishes first halftone in American daily newspaper.
1900: Frances Benjamin Johnston and Jessie Tarbox Beals, who followed shortly after Johnston, become the first female photojournalists.

6. The timeline
1903: Graflax camera introduced in U.S.; a single-lens reflex camera; it used roll film; National Geographic magazine,started in 1888, runs its first halftone.
1910: Speed Graphic introduced; a 4x5 camera, it had interchangeable lenses and two shutters.

7. The timeline 1923: First photograph transmitted by wire.
1924: “Composograph,” first staged and faked news photo, born by combining elements from different photos; first Leica cameras using 35mm motion picture film and extremely fast (f/1.8 or so) lenses.

8. The timeline 1925: Flashbulb invented in Germany.
1929: Speed Graphic replaces Graflex as primary camera of U.S. newspapers.
1935: Associated Press establishes wire photo network.

9. The timeline 1936: Lifemagazine publishes first issue.
1937: Kodachrome color film becomes available for 35mm still camera; revolutionizes color photography.

10. The timeline 1941: Portable electronic flash becomes practical.
1942: Kodacolor color negative film introduced.
1947: Polaroid camera invented.

11. The timeline 1954: Tri-X black-and-white film marketed by Kodak.
1960: 35mm cameras becoming standard for photojournalists.
1978: AP introduces electronic darkroom.

12. The timeline 1982: Digital still camera becomes available.
1987: Auto and self-focusing cameras standard.
1988: Kodak introduces ISO 3200 film.

13. The timeline 1995: Color negative film the standard for newspapers.
1998: Digital still cameras widespread; high-resolution cameras (5 megapixels) retail for about $5,000.

14. Photojournalists

15. Mathew Brady Civil War photographer Managed group of photographers
He is given credit for many photos that he didn’t actually take
Rumored that his team moved bodies to improve composition
Shot glass plates not film, had wagon full of darkroom materials

16. Dorothea Lange Migrant Mother
Depicts destitute pea pickers in California
Mom and her seven children
March 1936
Depth of emotion uncommon in most photos
Member of FSA

17. Margaret Burke White Documented World War II
Only female allowed in war zone in WWII by Army
One of first to do a photo story
Had photo on first cover of Life magazine

20. Alfred Eisenstaedt V-J Day Father of photojournalism
One of first to use 35mm
One of four original Life photographers
“Paitence, patience, patience.”

21. Henri Cartier-Bresson
1932
The decisive moment — known for waiting hours for right photo
Founding member of photo agency the Magnum Group

22. Robert Capa
“If your pictures aren’t good enough, you aren’t close enough.”
Killed by land mine in Vietnam
Founding member of Magnum Group

23. W. Eugene Smith Born in Wichita, Kan.
Studied people in detail before photographing
Known for photo essay on country doctor and mercury poisoning of a fishing village in Japan

26. Joe Rosenthal Raising the flag at Iwo Jima Feb. 23, 1945
Five Marines and one Navy medic
Second flag raising that day
Film from first one (different photographer) got ruined
Basically he got lucky
“Flags of our Fathers”
Won the Pulitzer prize in 1945
Within a month after photo shot three of the six were killed in combat

29. Ansel Adams
1942 The Tetons and the Snake River, Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming
Landscape photographer
Large format cameras

30. Gordon Parks American Gothic 1942
Grew up in poverty and inspired to make something of his life because of racism he grew up with
Black photographer setting president for time period
Life magazine

31. Eddie Adams Vietcong Execution, Saigon 1968
Brigadier General Nguyen Ngoc Loan shoots suspected Vietcong Bay Lop in the street
Photo received world attention because of it’s grusomeness
Won the Pulitizer Prize in 1968

33. Sal Verder AP photographer
USAF colonel welcomed home after 5 years as POW
Won Pulitzer in 1974

34. The End