1. Types Of Addresses

2. 1.IP Addresses 2. MAC Addresses

3. IP (Internet Protocol)

4. What Is IP (Internet Protocol) ? Any protocol that is the part of the TCP/IP protocol stack. It is also the network protocol. IP provides features for addressing.

5. IP Addresses

6. IP Addresses assigned to hosts using the TCP/IP suite of protocols

7. IP addresses are of 32-bits IP addresses have two portions A. Network Portion B. Host Portion

8. Example 042-7706570 042 = is network portion and it remains same throughout the network. 7706570 = is host portion and it varies from host to host.

9. Range Of Decimal Values An IP address is expressed as Four decimal values in the range of 0 to 255 Dotted Decimal Notations These decimal values each represents Eight bits of the 32-bits address, known as an OCTET. This is called Dotted Decimal Notation. Example 155.127.231.124

10. Classification Of IP Addresses

11. Class Range UsesNetwork Portion Host Portion Class A 1-126Data Communication 8-bits 24-bits Class B 128-191Data Communication 16-bits Class C 192-223Data Communication 24-bits 8-bits Class D 224-239Multi Casting Class E 240-255Research and Testing Note : Value 127 is not in any class it is reserved for Loop Back Testing It is used for checking of TCP/IP Stack on PC

13. How it is Standard Minimum Value is 0 and Maximum Value is 255 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ON Bits OFF Bits Adding all Decimal Values when all bits ON Maximum Value is 255 Adding all Decimal Values when all bits OFF Minimum Value is 0

14. IP 124.192.135.159/8 Network Portion = 8-Bits Host Portion = 24-Bits Network PortionHost Portion 1 st Octet2 nd Octet3 rd Octet4 th Octet IP Address 124192135159 Binary 01111100110000001000011110011111 Subnet mask 25500000000 Binary 1111111100000000 Network ID 12419200000000 Binary 011111001100000000000000 IP Address124.192.135.159 Subnet Mask255.0.0.0 Network ID124.0.0.0

15. IP 189.200.191.239/16 Network Portion = 16-Bits Host Portion = 16-Bits Network PortionHost Portion 1 st Octet2 nd Octet3 rd Octet4 th Octet IP Address 189200191239 Binary 10111101110010001011111111101111 Subnet mask 255 000000000000000 Binary 11111111 00000000 Network ID 18920000000000 Binary 10111101110010001011111111101111 IP Address189.200.191.239 Subnet Mask255.255.0.0 Network ID189.200.0.0

16. IP 193.220.164.223/24 Network Portion = 24-Bits Host Portion = 8-Bits Network PortionHost Portion 1 st Octet2 nd Octet3 rd Octet4 th Octet IP Address 193220164223 Binary 11000001110111001010010011011111 Subnet mask 255 00000000 Binary 11111111 00000000 Network ID 19322016400000000 Binary 11000001110111001010010011011111 IP Address193.220.164.223 Subnet Mask255.255.255.0 Network ID193.220.164.0

17. IP ADDRESSES SUBNET MASK NETWORK ADRESSES

18. No Communication Occurred Q: When Two Computers are connected then Communication Occurred ? We Should have to follow some rule and regulations

19. IP Address 5.1.1.1 Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0 Network ID 5.0.0.0 IP Address 5.1.1.2 Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0 Network ID 5.0.0.0 Communication Will Start Q : When IP addresses are of same Class and Network ID are same then will Communication Start ? Communication will be occurred when IP are of same Classes and their Network ID are Same of both computers Class A

20. IP Address 6.1.1.1 Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0 Network ID 6.0.0.0 IP Address 5.1.1.2 Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0 Network ID 5.0.0.0 No Communication will Start Q: When IP addresses are of same Class but Network ID are Different will Communication Start ? When ever Two Computers are connected Back to Back and their Network ID are not same Communication will not be occurred even IP are of same Classes. Class A Because

21. Then How Different Networks Communicate

22. Routers are Used To Communicate Different Networks

23. IP Address 6.1.1.1 Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0 Network ID 6.0.0.0 IP Address 5.1.1.2 Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0 Network ID 5.0.0.0 Now Communication will Start Communication will because ROUTER are used to Communicate Different Networks Class A Class B Because