1. CHAPTER 11
The Nature of
Expertise

2. Chapter 11 – The Nature of Expertise Chapter Outline • Introduction
• Knowledge versus Expertise
• Operational Definitions of
Expertise and Competence
--Contributed by Richard W. Herling
• Conclusion
• Reflection Questions

3. Knowledge versus Expertise
• Insights from Military Training Research and Practice
• Documenting Workplace Expertise
• Learning Strategies for Realms of Expertise
• Expertise and Expert Performance

5. Operational Definitions of Expertise and Competence
--Contributed by Richard W. Herling
• The Need for an Operational
Understanding of Expertise
• Theoretical Perspectives
of Expertise
• Forming an Operational
Definition of Expertise
• Implications of Expertise for HRD

6. Expertise can be operationally defined by these two desired characteristics of displayed behavior–
the consistent demonstrated actions of an individual which are (1) efficient in their execution and
(2) effective in their results.

7. Training Roles and Responsibilities

8. Chapter 11 Reflection Questions
1. What exactly is expertise and why is it important to HRD?
2. Cite a personal experience that illustrates the concept of expertise.
3. What is the difference between knowledge, competence, and expertise?
4. How would HRD/T&D differ if it was committed to developing knowledge versus expertise?
5. How would HRD/T&D differ if it was committed to competence versus expertise?
What challenges to the profession arise from focusing on expertise as an outcome of T&D? How could they be
overcome?