1. Slavery Africa to the New World
PICK UP APQ SHEETS & HAVE YOUR KEY POINTS READY
Today is January 24TH
Africa to the New World

2. This Week in History
1950, ending its status as a BRITISH dominion, INDIA became a republic.

3. APQ 21 - AFRICA
Questions?
HW: Online Article “Appeal to the King of Portugal” by Nzinga Mbema
Read and consider how European colonization in Africa is the same and/or different than in the Americas. Prepare for discussion by answering the "Thinking Historically" questions.

4. Africa Characteristics pre-1500 Large centralized territories
Societies organized around kinship, often larger than many countries,
Monarchies, empires, tribal leaders.
Common language base–Bantu
Religion: Christianity & Islam, as well as indigenous belief systems.
Economy: traditional, market/trade

5. African Empires c.1500
Students need to know at least 1 one these for the test!!!

6. Songhay 1492 – expansive empire
Originally they farmed, hunted and fished
Merchant community created in Gao (gold)
Fusion of Islamic and indigenous traditions
Strong cavalry forces

7. Origins

8. Nature of Slavery within African Societies
Natural part of African society
West Africa - system of slavery resembled European feudalism
Slaves are seen as a labor resource, not property
Labor is used to increase production & population = more power

9. Treatment of Slaves within African Societies
Generally well treated
Low social status, but active in society
Some held responsible, high positions
Accepted by and lived among non-slaves in family settings

10. Islamic Traders
Harsh interpretations of Islamic law and conquest of North Africa justifies and expands slavery in Africa.
Islamic traders exported slaves from 8th through 19th century.

11. Contemporary Interpretation of Religious teaching;
How was the justification for slavery on the part of the West similar to that of Islam?
Contemporary Interpretation of Religious teaching;
25:44 As for your male and female slaves who may belong to you, you may buy male and female slaves from the nations all around you
Leviticus, Old Testament

12. European Background
Roman Empire had established tradition of large-scale slavery in Europe
1441-Portuguese begin the “African slave trade”
1505-First Africans sent to Hispaniola
Between est. 12 million slaves
42% went to Brazil
Africa lost about ½ its population
Mortality rate 10-20% per ship

15. HEIGHT OF THE ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE

16. Triangular Trade Slaves carried to Americas
Sugar, tobacco, and other goods carried to Europe
European products (manufactured goods: cloth, firearms) sent to coast of Africa in exchange for slaves continuing the triangle of trade

17. Triangular Trade

18. Why Africans? No written language, many languages
Native Americans dying off
No muskets and gunpowder
Africans already participated in trade by enslaving others, selling debtors and criminals, and kidnapping
Familiar with European-style agriculture
Immune to European disease
Picture: Cape Coast Castle, W. Africa

19. Economic Justification
Slavery made development of New World profitable
African tribes needed weapons and supplies from Europe

20. Exportation-African Diaspora
Trip called Middle Passage
5000 miles, 3 weeks to 3 months
18-20 % died
African people lose self respect and self identity

21. White Settlers and African in Southern Africa
Southern end of Africa was not affected by slave trade
1652—Dutch East India Co establishes a colony
Depended on slave labor (1st from Asia)
Expansion of the colony led to wars by Boers
1795 British took control
Wanted to limit Boer expansion
Shaka Zulu

22. Amazing Grace
Amazing grace! (how sweet the sound) That sav’d a wretch like me! I once was lost, but now am found, Was blind, but now I see.
’Twas grace that taught my heart to fear, And grace my fears reliev’d; How precious did that grace appear, The hour I first believ’d!
The Lord has promis’d good to me, His word my hope secures; He will my shield and portion be, As long as life endures.
John Newton

23. Effects Focus on men affected male/female ratios.
During slave trade, African population overall increases - why?
African nations collapsed and others were created
Slavery eventually considered immoral

24. Legislation 1794-France outlaws slavery
1807—Britain outlawed slave trade
1808—US outlawed slave trade
1833 —Britain outlawed slavery
1863—US outlawed slavery
1888—Brazil outlawed slavery

25. HOMEWORK
Analyze cultural changes in the New World between 1450 & (chs 11 & 19)
Analyze cultural changes in sub-Saharan Africa between 1450 & 1750 (chs 8 & 21)
You will be writing one of the two…

26. Change Over Time Questions
Remember, Change Over Time really means Change and Continuity over Time…
Analyze cultural changes in the New World between 1450 & (ch: 11 & 19)
Analyze cultural changes in sub-Saharan Africa between 1400 & 1750 (ch: 8 & 21)
You will be writing one of the two!

27. RUBRIC Readings from the Holy Book of AP
CCOT
RUBRIC Readings from the Holy Book of AP

28. CCOT Change and Continuity over Time Essay
Comparison essay where time periods are compared
The Cause must be identified, described, and analyzed
Read the question carefully and determine the categories and time periods to be compared.
Write a thesis statement that specifically addresses all three pieces of this information.

29. Types of CCOT Questions
“Analyze changes in Latin America between 1400 and 1600”
“Analyze changes in Latin America brought about by colonization from discovery to the 16th century”
“Analyze economic and religious changes in Latin America following colonization”

30. Set up a three-column chart with a beginning date, and end date, and a reference point in the middle (causation). GPERSIA
On the chart, list the status of the categories at the beginning of the time period given, at the middle marker and at the end of the time period given. Include three examples within each category. Include changes as well as continuities.
Analyze at least ONE REASON for change or continuity brought about by an analysis of the CAUSE.

31. Thesis Statement
"During the time period between (x) and (x) in (wherever), (1,2 and 3) remained constant while there were significant changes in (4,5 and 6)."

32. Substantiated Theses
Your thesis must address the prompt without rephrasing or copying it.
I recommend that you use WAHP3 which stands for “what is it about, how will you prove it, give three examples.
You must qualify the prompt (WA)
Quantify the response (HP3).
To qualify is to answer what it is about with specifics or quantities.

33. (HP3) How will you prove it w/3 examples
Compare and Contrast the class systems in Classical China and Classical India
(WA) what is it about
Classical China and Classical India both developed class systems that had some similarities, but many more differences.
(HP3) How will you prove it w/3 examples
Both had great inequalities (HP1), under India’s class system it was impossible to change your class(HP2), and interaction between the classes was severely limited(HP3) when compared to China.

34. Write your paper, make the thesis the first paragraph and use one paragraph for each time period.
Before event
Event and cause
After event
Effect and analysis
(Opportunity for extended core points)