1. Consciousness: Focus on Awareness

2. Consciousness Our awareness of our own existence, sensations, and cognitions / Stream of consciousness / What function does consciousness serve? Our awareness of our own existence, sensations, and cognitions / Stream of consciousness / What function does consciousness serve?

3. Consciousness / Normal consciousness / -different parts of brain activated / Altered states of consciousness / Sleeping / Dreaming / Hypnosis / Meditation / Drug induced / Other? / Culturally based / Normal consciousness / -different parts of brain activated / Altered states of consciousness / Sleeping / Dreaming / Hypnosis / Meditation / Drug induced / Other? / Culturally based

4. Stages of Sleep / EEG-based measurements / Stage 1 / Hypnogogic / Stage 2 / Sleep spindles / Stages 3 and 4 / Delta waves / REM (rapid eye movement) sleep / EEG-based measurements / Stage 1 / Hypnogogic / Stage 2 / Sleep spindles / Stages 3 and 4 / Delta waves / REM (rapid eye movement) sleep

5. Stages of Sleep

6. Sleep Deprivation / 2/3 adults are not getting enough sleep / Somniphobia-Fear of Sleeping / Nomophobia / REM rebound / Alcohol and sleeping pills / Effects / Attention drops / Sustained attention (sleepy drivers cause 100K+ crashes) / Physical performance / Visual-motor tasks / Mood / The body suffers / Increased cortisol / Decreased learning / 2/3 adults are not getting enough sleep / Somniphobia-Fear of Sleeping / Nomophobia / REM rebound / Alcohol and sleeping pills / Effects / Attention drops / Sustained attention (sleepy drivers cause 100K+ crashes) / Physical performance / Visual-motor tasks / Mood / The body suffers / Increased cortisol / Decreased learning

7. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 / 4-11 days without sleep=craziness

8. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 / How many stages of sleep are there? / A) 1 / B) 2 / C) 5 / D)6 / How many stages of sleep are there? / A) 1 / B) 2 / C) 5 / D)6

9. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 / How many stages of sleep are there? / A) 1 / B) 2 / C) 5 / D)6 / How many stages of sleep are there? / A) 1 / B) 2 / C) 5 / D)6

10. The Function of Sleep / Why do we sleep? / Evolutionary theory / Restorative theory / Facilitating learning / Why do we sleep? / Evolutionary theory / Restorative theory / Facilitating learning

11. Dreaming / What triggers particular dreams? / Solving problems / Why do we dream? / Freud / Wish fulfillment / Manifest content / Latent content / Try not to dream about something / Activation-synthesis hypothesis / Editing neural connections / Strengthening neural connections / Goals and motivation (ex: stroke victims) / What triggers particular dreams? / Solving problems / Why do we dream? / Freud / Wish fulfillment / Manifest content / Latent content / Try not to dream about something / Activation-synthesis hypothesis / Editing neural connections / Strengthening neural connections / Goals and motivation (ex: stroke victims)

12. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 / Manifest content is to latent content as ________. / A) obvious is to symbolic / B) symbolic is to obvious / C) wish is to fulfillment / D) unconscious is to conscious / E) sexual is to aggressive / Manifest content is to latent content as ________. / A) obvious is to symbolic / B) symbolic is to obvious / C) wish is to fulfillment / D) unconscious is to conscious / E) sexual is to aggressive

13. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 / Manifest content is to latent content as ________. / A) obvious is to symbolic / B) symbolic is to obvious / C) wish is to fulfillment / D) unconscious is to conscious / E) sexual is to aggressive / Manifest content is to latent content as ________. / A) obvious is to symbolic / B) symbolic is to obvious / C) wish is to fulfillment / D) unconscious is to conscious / E) sexual is to aggressive

14. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 The activation-synthesis hypothesis states that ________. / A) dreams occur as a function of wish fulfillment / B) dreams arise from random bursts of nerve cell activity / C) there is no logical explanation for why dreams occur / D) we only dream when we are dealing or coping with threat in our life / E) dreams help to filter needless information from the brain The activation-synthesis hypothesis states that ________. / A) dreams occur as a function of wish fulfillment / B) dreams arise from random bursts of nerve cell activity / C) there is no logical explanation for why dreams occur / D) we only dream when we are dealing or coping with threat in our life / E) dreams help to filter needless information from the brain

15. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 The activation-synthesis hypothesis states that ________. / A) dreams occur as a function of wish fulfillment / B) dreams arise from random bursts of nerve cell activity / C) there is no logical explanation for why dreams occur / D) we only dream when we are dealing or coping with threat in our life / E) dreams help to filter needless information from the brain The activation-synthesis hypothesis states that ________. / A) dreams occur as a function of wish fulfillment / B) dreams arise from random bursts of nerve cell activity / C) there is no logical explanation for why dreams occur / D) we only dream when we are dealing or coping with threat in our life / E) dreams help to filter needless information from the brain

16. Sleep and the Brain / The chemistry of sleep / Acetylcholine / Sleeping pills block wake-up neurotransmitters / Melatonin / Circadian rhythms / Suprachiasmatic nucleus (registers changes in light) / Cortisol cycle / 24 or 25 hours? / Shift work (3 Mile Island)/planned naps / The chemistry of sleep / Acetylcholine / Sleeping pills block wake-up neurotransmitters / Melatonin / Circadian rhythms / Suprachiasmatic nucleus (registers changes in light) / Cortisol cycle / 24 or 25 hours? / Shift work (3 Mile Island)/planned naps

17. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Your circadian rhythms impact (your) ________. / A) pulse rate / B) metabolism / C) blood pressure / D) hormone levels / E) all of the above Your circadian rhythms impact (your) ________. / A) pulse rate / B) metabolism / C) blood pressure / D) hormone levels / E) all of the above

18. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Your circadian rhythms impact (your) ________. / A) pulse rate / B) metabolism / C) blood pressure / D) hormone levels / E) all of the above Your circadian rhythms impact (your) ________. / A) pulse rate / B) metabolism / C) blood pressure / D) hormone levels / E) all of the above

19. Troubled Sleep / Night terrors / Nightmares / Narcolepsy / Insomnia / Sleep apnea / Night terrors / Nightmares / Narcolepsy / Insomnia / Sleep apnea

20. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 / Which two stages of sleep are referred to collectively as "slow-wave sleep"? / A) Stages 2 and 3 / B) Stages 3 and 4 / C) Stages 1 and 2 / D) Stage 4 and REM sleep / E) NREM and REM sleep / Which two stages of sleep are referred to collectively as "slow-wave sleep"? / A) Stages 2 and 3 / B) Stages 3 and 4 / C) Stages 1 and 2 / D) Stage 4 and REM sleep / E) NREM and REM sleep

21. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 / Which two stages of sleep are referred to collectively as "slow-wave sleep"? / A) Stages 2 and 3 / B) Stages 3 and 4 / C) Stages 1 and 2 / D) Stage 4 and REM sleep / E) NREM and REM sleep / Which two stages of sleep are referred to collectively as "slow-wave sleep"? / A) Stages 2 and 3 / B) Stages 3 and 4 / C) Stages 1 and 2 / D) Stage 4 and REM sleep / E) NREM and REM sleep

22. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

26. Hypnosis Focused awareness on vivid, imagined experiences and a decreased awareness of the external environment-Mesmer / Hypnotic induction / Trance state / Generalized reality orientation fading / Trance logic / Posthypnotic suggestion / Possession Trance Focused awareness on vivid, imagined experiences and a decreased awareness of the external environment-Mesmer / Hypnotic induction / Trance state / Generalized reality orientation fading / Trance logic / Posthypnotic suggestion / Possession Trance

27. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 / Night terrors are most common for which group? / A) young girls / B) young boys / C) adolescent girls / D) adolescent boys / E) young adults / Night terrors are most common for which group? / A) young girls / B) young boys / C) adolescent girls / D) adolescent boys / E) young adults

28. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 / Night terrors are most common for which group? / A) young girls / B) young boys / C) adolescent girls / D) adolescent boys / E) young adults / Night terrors are most common for which group? / A) young girls / B) young boys / C) adolescent girls / D) adolescent boys / E) young adults

29. Hypnosis Theories / Trance theory / Sociocognitive theory / Evidence from neuroimaging--seeing colors / Hypnosis as a tool for… / Anxiety / Compulsive habits / Asthma / Stress / Pain relief / Possession Trance / Trance theory / Sociocognitive theory / Evidence from neuroimaging--seeing colors / Hypnosis as a tool for… / Anxiety / Compulsive habits / Asthma / Stress / Pain relief / Possession Trance

30. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

31. Meditation / Religious traditions / Types / Concentrative meditation / Opening-up meditation / Mindfulness meditation / Religious traditions / Types / Concentrative meditation / Opening-up meditation / Mindfulness meditation

32. Meditation / Benefits / Reduced tension and anxiety / Decreased stress / Decreased blood pressure / Increased ability to fight infection / Meditation versus relaxation / Biology of meditation / Benefits / Reduced tension and anxiety / Decreased stress / Decreased blood pressure / Increased ability to fight infection / Meditation versus relaxation / Biology of meditation

33. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 / ________ is an altered state of consciousness in which there is a focused awareness on vivid, imagined / experiences and decreased awareness of one's external environment. / A) Meditation / B) Trance logic / C) Absorption / D) Hypnosis / E) Hypnotic induction / ________ is an altered state of consciousness in which there is a focused awareness on vivid, imagined / experiences and decreased awareness of one's external environment. / A) Meditation / B) Trance logic / C) Absorption / D) Hypnosis / E) Hypnotic induction

34. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 / ________ is an altered state of consciousness in which there is a focused awareness on vivid, imagined / experiences and decreased awareness of one's external environment. / A) Meditation / B) Trance logic / C) Absorption / D) Hypnosis / E) Hypnotic induction / ________ is an altered state of consciousness in which there is a focused awareness on vivid, imagined / experiences and decreased awareness of one's external environment. / A) Meditation / B) Trance logic / C) Absorption / D) Hypnosis / E) Hypnotic induction

35. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 All of the following are types of meditation EXCEPT: / B) mandalian meditation / C) concentrative meditation / D) opening-up meditation / E) mindfulness meditation / B) mandalian meditation / C) concentrative meditation / D) opening-up meditation / E) mindfulness meditation

36. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 All of the following are types of meditation EXCEPT: / B) mandalian meditation / C) concentrative meditation / D) opening-up meditation / E) mindfulness meditation / B) mandalian meditation / C) concentrative meditation / D) opening-up meditation / E) mindfulness meditation

37. Drugs and Alcohol / Substance abuse / Pattern of use leading to distress or difficulty functioning in major life areas / Use in dangerous situations / Legal difficulties / Substance dependence / Tolerance / Withdrawal / Substance abuse / Pattern of use leading to distress or difficulty functioning in major life areas / Use in dangerous situations / Legal difficulties / Substance dependence / Tolerance / Withdrawal

38. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 a. Tolerancethe condition, resulting from repeated use, in which the same amount of a substance produces a diminished effect. b. Withdrawalcessation of the use of a substance. Withdrawal symptoms are the uncomfortable or life-threatening effects that may be experienced during withdrawal. c. Larger amounts of substance taken over more time than intended. d. Unsuccessful efforts or a persistent desire to decrease or control the substance use. e. Much time is spent in obtaining the substance, using it, or recovering from its effects. f. Important work, social, or recreational activities are given up as a result of the substance. g. Despite knowledge of recurrent or ongoing physical or psychological problems caused or exacerbated by the substance, substance use continues.

39. Psychoactive Substances / Depressants / Alcohol, barbiturates / Stimulants / Cocaine, amphetamines / Speed, ecstasy / Narcotic analgesics / Heroin / Hallucinogens / LSD, marijuana / Trips and flashbacks / Depressants / Alcohol, barbiturates / Stimulants / Cocaine, amphetamines / Speed, ecstasy / Narcotic analgesics / Heroin / Hallucinogens / LSD, marijuana / Trips and flashbacks

40. Ecstasy (MDMA) / Biological effects / Releases serotonin and prevents reuptake / Damages serotonin receptors / Psychological effects / Increased awareness and pleasure / May cause depression / Biological effects / Releases serotonin and prevents reuptake / Damages serotonin receptors / Psychological effects / Increased awareness and pleasure / May cause depression

42. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

45. Depressants: Alcohol / 60% of American adults drink alcohol / 8% have alcohol abuse or dependence / Biological effects / Depressant / Disinhibition / Hangover / Psychological effects / Inhibitory conflict / Alcohol myopia / Sexual aggression / Blackouts / 60% of American adults drink alcohol / 8% have alcohol abuse or dependence / Biological effects / Depressant / Disinhibition / Hangover / Psychological effects / Inhibitory conflict / Alcohol myopia / Sexual aggression / Blackouts

46. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Disinhibition is best described as: / A) the inability to prevent a response / B) the increased ability to exhibit a response / C) the failure to exhibit an appropriate response / D) exhibiting a response incongruent with what is expected / E) the ability to prevent a response from occurring / A) the inability to prevent a response / B) the increased ability to exhibit a response / C) the failure to exhibit an appropriate response / D) exhibiting a response incongruent with what is expected / E) the ability to prevent a response from occurring

47. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Disinhibition is best described as: / A) the inability to prevent a response / B) the increased ability to exhibit a response / C) the failure to exhibit an appropriate response / D) exhibiting a response incongruent with what is expected / E) the ability to prevent a response from occurring / A) the inability to prevent a response / B) the increased ability to exhibit a response / C) the failure to exhibit an appropriate response / D) exhibiting a response incongruent with what is expected / E) the ability to prevent a response from occurring

48. Stimulants: Cocaine-analgesic / Crack / Euphoria -> Crash / Decreases other pleasures / Other stimulants / Amphetamines / MDMA / Caffeine / Nicotine / Crack / Euphoria -> Crash / Decreases other pleasures / Other stimulants / Amphetamines / MDMA / Caffeine / Nicotine

49. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

51. High doses of what drug may cause the sufferer to exhibit symptoms similar to that of a paranoid schizophrenic? / A) alcohol / B) valium / C) "downers" / D) amphetamines / E) narcotics / A) alcohol / B) valium / C) "downers" / D) amphetamines / E) narcotics

52. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 High doses of what drug may cause the sufferer to exhibit symptoms similar to that of a paranoid schizophrenic? / A) alcohol / B) valium / C) "downers" / D) amphetamines / E) narcotics / A) alcohol / B) valium / C) "downers" / D) amphetamines / E) narcotics

53. Narcotic Analgesics: Heroin / Biological effects / CNS depressant / Psychological effects / Strongly addictive / Pain relief / Relaxation and euphoria / Severe withdrawal symptoms / Other opiates / Morphine, codeine, Vicodin, Oxycodone / Biological effects / CNS depressant / Psychological effects / Strongly addictive / Pain relief / Relaxation and euphoria / Severe withdrawal symptoms / Other opiates / Morphine, codeine, Vicodin, Oxycodone

54. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

55. Hallucinogens: Marijuana / Most commonly used hallucinogen in U.S. / Biological effects / Cannabinoid receptors / Appetite, memory, pain / Psychological effects / Dependent on mood / Euphoria, drowsiness, anxiety, panic / Medical marijuana / Glaucoma / Chemotherapy / Most commonly used hallucinogen in U.S. / Biological effects / Cannabinoid receptors / Appetite, memory, pain / Psychological effects / Dependent on mood / Euphoria, drowsiness, anxiety, panic / Medical marijuana / Glaucoma / Chemotherapy

56. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 / All of the following illustrate the major criteria for substance abuse EXCEPT: / A) Staying at the bar after work and failing to show up to your child's birthday as a result. / B) Drinking at social events even though you normally do not drink. / C) Spending the night in jail for public intoxication. / D) Calling in sick at work to spend the day doing drugs. / E) All of the above / All of the following illustrate the major criteria for substance abuse EXCEPT: / A) Staying at the bar after work and failing to show up to your child's birthday as a result. / B) Drinking at social events even though you normally do not drink. / C) Spending the night in jail for public intoxication. / D) Calling in sick at work to spend the day doing drugs. / E) All of the above

57. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 / All of the following illustrate the major criteria for substance abuse EXCEPT: / A) Staying at the bar after work and failing to show up to your child's birthday as a result. / B) Drinking at social events even though you normally do not drink. / C) Spending the night in jail for public intoxication. / D) Calling in sick at work to spend the day doing drugs. / E) All of the above / All of the following illustrate the major criteria for substance abuse EXCEPT: / A) Staying at the bar after work and failing to show up to your child's birthday as a result. / B) Drinking at social events even though you normally do not drink. / C) Spending the night in jail for public intoxication. / D) Calling in sick at work to spend the day doing drugs. / E) All of the above

58. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Marijuana happens to classified as a(n) ________. / A) narcotic / B) analgesic / C) hallucinogen / D) stimulant / E) depressant / A) narcotic / B) analgesic / C) hallucinogen / D) stimulant / E) depressant

59. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Marijuana happens to classified as a(n) ________. / A) narcotic / B) analgesic / C) hallucinogen / D) stimulant / E) depressant / A) narcotic / B) analgesic / C) hallucinogen / D) stimulant / E) depressant