1. Application of functional lipids to improve milk production, reproduction and health of dairy cows

2. of fatty acid oxidation
The most crucial period--Transition and Early lactation
mobilization
of body tissue
Limited oxidation
of fatty acids
Limited export
of fatty acid oxidation
Fat accumulation in liver
Impair on
glucose synthesis
Decrease
In feed intake
Deduction
In performance
Increase
In disease
Grummer, 1993; Gerloff, 1986; Emery, et al, 1999; NRC, (2001); Overton et al, 1999; Overton & Piepenbrink, 2002;

3. Reproductive efficiency
Effects of NEB on milk yield, reproduction & health
Negative
energy balance
Dry matter intake
Milk yield
Milk fever
Ketosis and fat liver
Reproductive efficiency
Retained palcenta
Displaced abomasum
Economic longevity

4. Production during peak lactation & economic loss
Deduction per day during peak lactation
Deduction per a whole lactation of 305 days
1kg Milk yield
kg milk
Loss of T 500
Loss of T 100,000 ~125,000

5. Incidence in 61 highest milking herds in USA
Metabolic disorders and economic loss
Metabolic disorder
Economic loss (US$)
Incidence
(Hoard’s Dairyman)
Incidence in 61 highest milking herds in USA
Ketosis
145 5%
3.7%
Milk fever
334 8%
7.2%
Displaced abomasum
340
>3%
3.3%
Placental retention
285
5-10%
9.0%

6. BCS loss affects days to 1st ovulation and conception rate
Bulter & Smith (1989)

7. Rumen bypass fat 2 to 5 % of dry matter
Effects of rumen bypass fats on production and reproduction
Rumen bypass fat 2 to 5 % of dry matter
milk yield 1,8 to 3,5 kg more milk per day
milk fat 2 to 15% improved
milk protein 0~ 6% reduced, depending on fats
protein output unchanged / increased
optimal efficiency 1st 120 days of lactation
conception rate + 26% (1st Ser.)/+74% (2nd Ser.)
pregnancy rate +27%
open days less 6.8 days
AI per conception service

8. Effects of supplemental fats on reproduction (mu yuyun 2004)

9. Responses of milk yields to supplemental fats
Drackley, 1999

10. β-carotene decreases incidence of placental retention and metritis
Importance of β-carotene in milk production, reproduction and health
β-carotene deficiency causes unobvious heat ，delayed ovulation，less secretion of progesterone ，poor conception, embryo death, etc.
β-carotene supplementation improves cell barrier of and immune responses of mummary gland, decrease mastitis and somatic cell counts
β-carotene decreases incidence of placental retention and metritis
Supplementation of β-carotene increases milk yields

11. (0.3 mg β-carotene + 100 IU Vit A/Kg B.W./day)
Feeding β-carotene in heifers to reduce fertility disorder incidence
40 black-and white heifers, 56 weeks study
Heifer cows
With β-carotene
(0.3 mg β-carotene IU Vit A/Kg B.W./day)
Without β-carotene
(220 IU vit A/kg B.W./day) P
Luteal cysts, % 30
<0.01
Follicular cysts, % 5 10
>0.05
Conception rate, %
After 1st insemination
After 2nd insemination
68.4
89.5
40.0
55.0
<0.05
Nos. of insemination per head
1.4
2.0
Lotthammer, Ahlswede, and Meyer (1976)

12. Feeding Βeta-carotene increases fertility of dairy cows
Reproductive performances of dairy cows supplemented with beta-carotenes (400 mg/day) for first 90 days after calving under heat stress
Multiparous cows
Control
β-carotene
Days-open
140
126
Pregnancy rate, % 48 59
Data are adapted from Rodrigues-Martinez et al., 2002, J. Dairy Sci. suppl.1. p 306.

13. Effects of β-carotene supplements in dairy cows (Huszenicza 1984)

14. Supplementation of β-carotene decreases mastitis and metritis
Frequency of mastitis in the first 3 weeks of lactation as a function of vitamin A and β-carotene supply (Chew, 1985 USA)
Metritis frequency bas a function of vitamin A and β-carotene supply （Michal et al，1994)

15. Supplementation of β-carotene more significantly decreases somatic cell counts in milk

16. Feeding Βeta-carotene increases milk yields of dairy cows
Feeding 400 mg/day beta-carotenes after calving for days significantly improved milk yields of dairy cows at DIM 120
Data are adapted from Rodrigues-Martinez et al., 2002, J. Dairy Sci. suppl.1. p 306.

17. Plasma β-carotene level should be min 3000 ug/l
适宜水平

18. Requirements of Βeta-carotene in dairy cows
Ruiter, 1998
Maintenance : min. 100 mg /day
Gestation: min. 200 mg /day
Lactation: mg /kg milk yield
BASF, 1998
Transition period : min. 600 mg /day
Lactation: min. 300 mg/day

19. Vitamin E key functions
Biological antioxidant, necessary for cell membrane integrity and cell metabolism
Regulation of development and function of gonads, preparation and protection of pregnancy, ,hormone metabolism
Stimulation of antibody formation, antitoxic action in cellular metabolism
Control of glucose metabolism, creatine metabolism and glycerol balance
Antioxidation model of Vitmin E

20. Effects of supplemental Vit E on health after calving
Supplementation of Vit E at 1000 IU/day decreased placental retention incidence during last 40 days of progency（Millet et al, 1990)
Supplementation of Vit E at 1000 IU/day improved udder shrink during last 40 days of progency（Millet et al, 1991)

21. Supplemental E improves performances and health
Author
Treatment
Results
Weiss et al , 1997
Supplementation of Vit E at 1000, 4000 and 2000 IU/day during first 46 dasy , and late 14 days of dry period and after calving, respectively
Mastitis of first 7days after calving significantly reduced from 25％ to 2.6%。
Baldi, et al, 2000
Daily supplement of vitamin E 1000 IU /head during dry period
Somastic cell counts in milk reduced and reproduction improved significantly
Wang et al，2004
Daily supplement of vitamin E 300 IU /head
Milk yield increased by 1.85 kg

22. Effects of vit E on milk yield and reproduction
Dairy cows with or without supplemental vitamin E 1000 IU during the last 40 days of gestation (Miller et al 1991)
Treatment
control
Vitamin E 1000IU P
12WK milk yield, Kg/day
21.1
25.6
0.02
Days to 1st estrous
73.8
54.2
0.07
Days to 1st breeding
87.8
76.4
0.15
Days open
106.8
89.1
0.12
Services per conception
1.8
1.4
0.05

23. Requirements of Vitamin E in dairy cows
BASF (2002)
Dairy cow: IU/day
Seymour (2004)
Dairy cow : IU/day
NRC (2001)
Pregnant cow：80 IU /Kg DMI/day Milking cow：20 IU /Kg DMI/day

24. Main rumen inert fat products in the international markets
hydrogenated fat：1st generation, hydrogenation of animal and vegetable oils
CaSFA： 2nd generation, calcium salt of fatty acids
stable fats：3rd generation, hydrolyzed and fractionated fats
functional fats： 4th generation, vitamins- enriched stable fats

25. Comparison among rumen bypass fat products
Normal SFA
Bergaplus-D
（new）
hydrogenated
Fat powder
CaSFA
Color
white
yellowish
white
brownish
Appearance
Powder
Small granule
Small granule
Powder
small granule
Granule
Iodine value,
mg I /100g
12-18
20-30
2-10
40-50
MP, C
56-60
52-58
58-62 --
moisture， %
< 0.5
< 0.5
< 0.5 5
calcium, % -- -- -- 9
Fat, %
> 99.5
> 99.5
> 99.5
80-84

26. Comparison among rumen bypass fat products
Normal SFA
Bergaplus-D
（new）
Hydrogenated
Fat powder
CaSFA
Fatty acid com
C12:0&C14:0
C16:0
C18:0
C18:1
C18:2 & C18:3
<1.5 80 5 10 3
<1.5 70 5 18
<2 45 6 2
<2 45 5 40 8
Bypass ratio, %
>97
>95
> 99
83-95
Fat digestibility, % 86 87 70 87
NEL, Mcal /kg
6.2

27. Berg + Schmidt provides 3rd/4th generation of bypass fats
55 years old, a well-known manufacturer of special feed fats and phospholipids in the world
currently provide 4th generation of rumen stable products: Bergaplus D

28. BergaPlus -D All-In-One Solution
The matrix of rumen stable fats and multi- vitamins
Providing essential nutrients for metabolism of protein, fat and carbohydrates simultaneously in small intestines.
Synergetic actions of nutrients improve milk yield , reproduction, and decreases incidences of metabolic disorders

29. Nutrients from supplemented B’Plus –D and T 300
Per kg product
BergaPlus –D
Normal SFA
Fat
920 g
1000 g
Protein
> 12 g
β-carotene
> 250 mg
Vitamin E
> 500 IU
NEL
6.2 Mcal
Mcal

30. Milk yields of Chinese dairy cows fed Bergaplus D and competition fa powder 2007)
+10.6%
Transition (21 days)
Early lactation (first 90 days)
Cows No. 26
Fat powder
125 g/day
350 g/day
Bergaplus D

31. Chinese dairy heifers fed Bergaplus Dand competition fat powder (2007)
+5.6%
Transition (21 days）
Early lactation (the first 30 days)
Heifer no. 26
Competition fat powder
0 g/day
250 g/day
Bergaplus D
125 g/day

32. 1st AI of Chinese Hosltein cows fed with or without Bergaplus D (2007)
Control
Bergaplus D
Initial date
13 Feb 2007
Final date
31 May 2007
Cow numbers 22 21
Dose during transition (21 days)
125 g/day
Dose during early lactation (first 90 days)
250 g/day

33. Interval days between calving and 1st AI of dairy cows fed with or without Bergaplus D (2007)
Interval days between calving and 1st AI (d)
<45d
46～60d
60～75d
>75d
No-estrous
Cow no.s ( %), control
2 (9.09%)
3 (13.64%)
1 (4.55%)
13 (59.09%)
Cows No. (%), Bergaplus D
1 (4.76%)
4 (19.04%)
13 (61.90%)
0 (0%)
3 (14.29%)

34. Targets of supplementing B’Plus –D and T 300
Dairy farms and herds
BergaPlus –D
Normal Fat Powder
Long calving interval, low conception, unobvious estrous reproductive disorders
Frequently observed
Less often observed
Metabolic disorders，ketosis， high somatic cell count ， placental retention, milk fever, metritis，mastitis
DMI, milk yield, milk fat content, milk protein content
All to be increased --
DMI, milk yield, milk fat content
To be increased

35. Benefits from feeding Bergaplus D & Bergafat T 300
Feeding 250 g /day during 1st 120 days of lactation
BergaPlus –D
SFA
Daily milk yields
Increase kg
Increase kg
Milk yield of whole lactation
Increase kg
Increase kg
Milk fat percent
Increase
Increase
Milk protein percent
Increase
No change /slight increase
Somatic cell nos.
Significant deduction
Deduction
Conception rate in 120 days after calving
Significant increase
Increase
calving interval days
Shorten by > 10 days
Shorten by > 5 days
Metabolic disorder
Significant decrease
Decrease

36. Early and peak Lactation
Recommendations
Dry period
Transition
Early and peak Lactation
Middle lactation
-21
120
240
Dose (g/day)
Transition
Early & peak lactation
Middle Lactation
Bergaplus D --
Normal Fat Powder

37. THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME