1. The naming of seas, maritime features and currents Mátyás MÁRTON and Gábor GERCSÁK (Budapest, Hungary) 26 April 2007

2. Eötvös Loránd University

3. Major points of discussion Structure of names Specific and generic elements Word-for-word translations General geographical attributes or cardinal points as specific terms Identification of objects Examples in English, German and Hungarian

4. Names and their origin Names of seas Names of parts of seas Names of sea currents Names of undersea features (Names of islands)

5. Word-for-word translations Sea: Black Sea – Schwarzes Meer – Fekete-tenger Part of sea: Bay of Mexico – Golf von Mexiko – Mexikói-öböl Sea current: Gulf Stream – Golfstrom – Golf-áramlás Undersea feature: Guinea Rise – Guineaschwelle – Guineai-hát

6. Generic terms Sea: Baltic Sea – Ostsee – Balti-tenger (Keleti-tenger) Part of sea: Drake Passage – Drake- Straße – Drake-átjáró Sea current: Kuro Shio – Kuroschio – Kuro-shio Undersea feature: Sunda Shelf – Sundaschelf – Szunda-self

7. Specific terms Sea: White Sea – Weißes Meer – Fehér- tenger Part of sea: Bay of Biscay – Golf von Biskaya – Vizcayai-öböl ♦Perzsa-öböl (–1959) ♦Perzsa (Arab)-öböl (1961–2001) ♦Perzsa-öböl (2004–) Currents: Peru Current – Humboldstrom – Perui (Humboldt)-áramlás

8. Specific terms of undersea features describing the location Near to: Madagascar Basin – Madagaskarbecken – Madagaszkári- medence Direction: South Honshu Ridge – Süd- Honschurücken – Déli-Honshui-hátság Extension: Azores-Gibraltar Ridge – Azorenschwelle – Azori–Gibraltári-hátság

9. Specific terms of undersea features as "reminder names" Ship: Atlantis Seamount – Atlantis Kuppe – Atlantis-fenékhegy Expedition: Northern Holiday Seamount – ? – Northern Holiday-fenékhegy Institution: An Rise – ? – AN-hát Person: Gauss Seamount – ? – Gauss- fenékhegy

10. "Inexpressive" terms in names General geographical attributes: ♦Great – Groß – Nagy- ♦New – Neu – Új- ♦Mid – Mittel – Közép- Cardinal points: ♦North – Nord – Észak- ♦Southeast – Südost – Délkelet-

11. "Inexpressive" names Sea: North Sea – Nordsee – Északi- tenger Part of sea: Canal do Norte – Canal do Norte – Északi-csatorna Sea current: Nord Cape Current – Norwegischer Strom – Északi-foki- áramlás Undersea feature: East Cape Ridge – ? – Keleti-foki-hátság

12. Translation of geographical names in publications National Geographic World Atlas (2005, in Hungarian from the German edition) Sea of Japan − Japán-tenger − East Sea − ? (Inconsistent, but logical for Germans) Possible confusion with Ostsee (East Sea) for the German readers and with the outdated Keleti-tenger (= East Sea = Baltic Sea) for Hungarian map users

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