1. TBI Traumatic Brain Injury:TBI CONDITION A Look at This CONDITION and Why It Can Affect Cognitive Abilities.

2. TBI-Traumatic Brain Injury First, what is traumatic brain injury? a) TBI is damage to the brain caused by anything that would be acquired-such as BIRTH DEFECT, TUMORS, STROKES, or an automobile accident. b) TBI is specific as it implies trauma to the brain caused by an internal or external force. c) Hydrocephalus is an example of TBI injury.

3. TBI TBI BRAIN Functions The specific injury to the brain may be in a particular part of the brain, OR may be diffused to many different parts of the brain. The brain has many parts including the cerebral cortex, brain stem, and the cerebellum.

4. Overview of TBI TBI can significantly affect many cognitive, physical, and psychological skills. Physical problems can include ambulation, balance, coordination, fine motor skills, strength, and endurance. Cognitive deficits of language and communication, information processing, memory, and perceptual skills are common in individuals who suffer from a TBI.

5. A Little Background.... Hydrocephus Hydrocephus is an example of a traumatic brain injury. It is a condition that an individual develops while in the womb before birth. Normally, the procedure that is done, is performed on a child with this condition when they are in their first year of life. -The doctors would insert a shut within the brain. -This procedure involves more than 1 surgery.

6. What HAPPENED? Fluid filled the ventricles and was unable to exit them, causing them to expand and put pressure on the brain. Initially, the problem was not recognized because as parts of the brain were destroyed other parts could take over the function. Finally when the enough damage was done the condition became apparent.

7. Pre Surgery This is an MRI scan of patient As brain. This is the condition called hydroceph alus.

8. Post Surgery This is an MRI scan that was done a year after surgery.

9. Post Surgery 2 This is a CINA MRI picture of fluid passing through the hole that was created in the bottom of the 3 rd ventricle by the procedure.

10. Surgery Described First, an incision was made, the route of approach was to the lateral ventricle on the non- dominant side.

11. Surgery Described The surgery that was done is called a 3 rd ventricul- ostomy.

12. Surgery Was Done...To Help Correct the Problem The surgery involved making a hole in the top part of the ventricle, then making another hole in the bottom part of the ventricle and cauterizing it. This enabled the fluid to drain from the ventricle and surround and cushion the brain.

13. Normal Brain This is a lateral view of a normal brain without trauma.

14. Vertical View and Side View of the Brain This is a view from a medical journal, that shows what a normal brain should look like when a CT scan is done.

15. Severe Hydrocephalus This is an example of normally sized ventricles directly compared to abnormally sized ventricles.

16. Summary Pressure on the brain caused changes in cognitive functioning with the example used. Following surgery function may return, but there may be some irrevocable damage that manifests itself as a learning disability. Other learning problems may include ADD/ADHD.

17. Work Cited Page-references Magnetic resonance images -Patient: Sandra Bailly (D.O.B. 12/5/78) -Date of MRI 4/26/99. The CIBA collection of medical illustrations of the nervous system. Volume I. Netter, frank, H. 1982.