1. The Islamic World
Ch 12

2. Arabia Desert Settled near oasis
Nomads lived in tents and raised herds of sheep, goats, and camels
Others lived a sedentary life near oasis (no rivers)

3. Muhammad brought a new religion to Arabia.
An angel spoke to him and made him a prophet.
Leaders in Mecca didn’t like this and planned to kill him.
They moved to Medina.
He died in 632 AD 4

4. The religion formed from his messages is called ISLAM.
Terminology:
The religion formed from his messages is called ISLAM.
The followers of Islam are called MUSLIMS. 4

5. Which country has more Muslims than any other country in the world?
Try to Guess:
Which country has more Muslims than any other country in the world? 5

6. Answer: Indonesia - with over 200 million Muslims.
Note: The U.S. has about 5 million Muslims.
There are over 1 billion Muslims worldwide. 6

7. 7

8. Muslims are monotheistic and worship the same one God as Christians and Jews.
They call God, Allah. 9

9. Qur’an is the holy book of Islam—guidelines for moral behavior‘
Qur’an is the holy book of Islam—guidelines for moral behavior
--don’t eat pork
--free slaves
--a few rights for women 10

10. Jihad—means to make an effort or to struggle (also translated into “holy war”)
Sunnah—refers to the way Muhammad lived, provides a model (religious, personal and business)
Islamic law—Shariah (rewards for good behavior and punishment for crimes)
Caliph—title Muslims use for the highest leader of Islam

11. Women
Muslim women have many different styles of dress. (Very few cultures require women to cover their faces.)
Many cover their heads.
The treatment of women varies from country to country and family to family.
Some Muslim countries, like Pakistan, have had female prime ministers. The U.S. has never had a female president. 14

12. Pakistani dress (left); Saudi Arabian (right)
Shariah TV website 15

13. Iranian woman
Green Cine.com 16

14. Somali (left); West African (right)
Shariah TV website 17

15. Malaysian (left); Indian/ Bangladeshi (right)
Shariah TV website 18

16. Afghani women wearing burqas
International Medical Corps photo 19

17. Five Pillars of Islam—acts of worship required by all Muslims
Main Beliefs of Islam
Five Pillars of Islam—acts of worship required by all Muslims 22

18. Belief in one God and that Muhammad is His prophet.
Statement of Faith:
Belief in one God and that Muhammad is His prophet. 23

19. 5 times a day – facing Mecca --must wash before praying
Daily Prayer:
5 times a day – facing Mecca
--must wash before praying 24

20. Yearly Donation to Charity
Giving money to the poor is REQUIRED, not optional 25

21. Fasting
During the month of Ramadan, Muslims cannot eat or drink anything during the daylight hours.
This shows that God is more important than their own bodies. 26

22. Pilgrimage
Once in their lives – IF they can afford it, Muslims make a pilgrimage to Mecca 27

23. In Mecca during the pilgrimage 28

24. MOSQUE: a Muslim place of worship ALLAH: name the Muslims call God29

25. Mosque in Medina, Saudi Arabia 30

26. Mohammed Ali mosque, Cairo, Egypt 31

27. Dome of the Mohammed Ali mosque 33

28. Blue Mosque (Sultan Ahmet Mosque), Istanbul Turkey 34

29. Interior of the Blue Mosque 35

30. Dome of a mosque, Esfahan, Iran 36

31. Interior of a mosque in Iran 37

32. Mosque in Djenne, Mali (West Africa) 38

33. North African mosque
tunis.htm

34. Indonesian mosque 40

35. Islamic architecture in Spain 41

36. Mosque in Tempe, Arizona 43

37. Minaret—narrow tower from where Muslims are called to pray (looks like the tower of a castle)44

38. The Quran 45

39. The Ottomans
Mid-1200s Muslim Turkish warriors known as Ottomans began to take territory from the Byzantine Empire
1453 Mehmed II used huge cannons to conquer Constantinople
Renamed Constantinople, Istanbul
Turned Hagia Sophia into a mosque
The Ottoman Empire reached its height under Suleyman I—controlled eastern Mediterranean (to include north Africa) until early 1800s

40. Achievements Created algebra Improved astrolabe
More accurate maps of the world
Started first pharmacy schools, treat smallpox
Wrote medical encyclopedia
Sufism—believe they can find God’s love by having a personal relationship with God (part of Islam)
Omar Khayyam—famous Sufi poet
Calligraphy—decorative writing

41. Stained glass windows in the Topkapi Palace in Istanbul, Turkey 48

42. Taj Mahal--
the jewel of Muslim art in India

43. Conclusions:
Islam is an important religion, which shares many beliefs and practices with Christianity and Judaism.
Muslims live in many different countries. Islam is especially widespread in Africa, Asia, and southeastern Europe (the Balkans).
Islam has had a great impact on world art and culture. 50