1. Historical Background of Wide Sargasso Sea
By Malka Hirsch

2. Authors background
Wide Sargasso Sea was Written in 1966 by a Dominica born author Jean Rhys.
She was born in 1894 and moved to England when she was 16 years old (1910).
Upon her arrival Jane Eyre was one of the first novels she read.

3. Rhys’s life difficulties
Rhys never adjusted to the move from the west indies to England.
Rhys always felt cold and removed and imagined that the character Bertha Mason from the novel Jane Eyre must have felt the same.
Rhys had chronic financial difficulties, she was marries three times and two of her husbands spent time in jail. She was also a heavy drinker

4. Reasons for writing her Novel
The portrayal of Bertha in Jane Eyre always disappointed her.
Since she came from the west indies and had difficulties adjusting in England the story had special significance to her.
Rhys wrote Wide Sargasso Sea as a response to stereotypes informed by Bronte’s nineteenth century English culture and social status.
Rhys’s many difficulties led her to empathize with all kinds of human suffering regardless of the cause.

5. Rhys develops the complex character of Antoinette Cosway, who Bronte describes as a mere lunatic in the novel Jane Eyre.
Rhys’s empathy for Bertha/Antoinette leads her to chose Bertha Mason’s ill fated marriage as a perfect subject to explore. Rhys takes the reader deep through her psyche as a way to better understand Bertha/Antoinette and the cause of her madness.

6. Colonialism in Jamaica
Rhys and her character Antoinette both grew up in the British controlled colony of Jamaica.
The British Empire formally ruled Jamaica from 1670 as a result of the Treaty of Madrid.
Sugar became a luxury commodity ever since the development of large scale sugar plantations during the 1640’s.
There was a high demand for sugar after the British Empire seized control of the Island.

7. By 1750 Jamaica was the most important British colony in the west indies.
In 1834 the British parliament abolished all forms of slavery in their colonies.
The sudden loss of a large slave population was devastating for the Jamaican economy.

8. Antoinette: Life in the West Indies
Antoinette, the narrator for the first half of the story describes the difficulties of growing up in the 1830’s in Jamaica.
There was a strong feeling of isolation and loneliness that she experienced as a white Creole child in a predominantly black West Indies.

9. Antoinette’s character’s family were once rich and owned many slaves, but experienced a decline in their fortunes and status after the abolition of slavery.
One night locals surrounded her house and burnt it down leaving both Antoinette and her mother scarred.
Antoinette was so traumatized that she is forced to go to a convent to recover. On the other hand the extent of the trauma leads her mother to go insane.

10. Antoinette: Marriage to Rochester
Antoinette’s step father arranges her marriage to Rochester when she is 17 years old.
Rochester moves to Jamaica to be with her and early on they are happily married.
When Rochester leans about her mother's insanity he distances himself from her and their marriage deteriorates.

11. As a result of a distanced marriage Antoinette begins to drink and attempts to use Voodoo to renew his interes.
Rochester tries to subdue his wife but none of his tactics work, so he decides to take her back to England and lock her in the attic.

12. Works Cited
Lagretta, Lenker T. "Cyclopedia of Literary Characters." MagillOnLiterature Plus. Salem Press, Feb Web. 10 Apr
Meyers, Linda J. MagillOnLiterature Plus. Salem Press, Mar Web. 10 Apr
Mikolajek, Stanley J. "The History of Jamaica: From Colonialism and Slavery to Emancipation and Independence, Page 8 of 8." Associated Content from Yahoo! - Associatedcontent.com. 4 Feb Web. 11 Apr <
Stiffler, Tiffany E. "Masterplots." MagillOnLiterature Plus. Salem Press, Nov Web. 10 Apr
Ziskin, Alan. "Identities & Issues in Literature;." MagillOnLiterature Plus. Salem Press, Sept Web. 10 Apr