1. Expansion in Latin America
Chapter 11 Section 3
Expansion in
Latin America

2. Review
Cuban poet Jose Marti was one of many activists ________ from Cuba to Spain not once but twice for fighting for Cuban independence
Who published tales of Spanish atrocities in Cuba in an effort to inflame American war sentiments?
What was the rallying cry of the Spanish American War?
Spain ceded Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Pacific island of Guam to who?
What did they become when the U.S. gained overseas territory?

3. Governing Cuba and Puerto Rico
President McKinley appointed General Leonard Wood as governor of Cuba where he oversaw the drafting of a new constitution
In exchange for the removal of U.S. troops in Cuba, Congress required Cuba to add the Platt Amendment to their constitution. The amendment limited Cuba’s freedom to make treaties with other countries and it required Cuba to sell or lease land to the U.S. for naval and fueling stations
The Platt Amendment also made Cuba a U.S. protectorate, meaning that the U.S. promised to protect them from other nations but reserved the right to intervene in Cuba’s affairs

4. General Leonard Wood

5. Continued… Policy in Puerto Rico went another route
The U.S. ruled the island like a territory
The Foraker Act of 1900 established that Puerto Rico’s governor and upper house of the legislature would be appointed by the U.S. Puerto Rico could appoint is lower house
The Jones Act of 1917 granted Puerto Ricans U.S. citizenship and gave them the right to elect both houses of their legislature
In 1952 Puerto Rico became a self governing commonwealth of the United States

7. The Panama Canal
Having interests in both the Caribbean and the Pacific the U.S. wanted to cut travel time
A French company began building the Panama Canal across the Isthmus of Panama after less than 10 years and the loss of 20,000 lives and more than $280 million the effort was abandoned
The progress was further delayed by a revolution by Panama against the Colombian government
Helping Panama was {Philippe Bunau-Varilla who was the engineer in charge of building the canal through Panama for the French}

8. Building the Panama Canal

9. Continued….
The victorious rebels quickly set up a new government and declared Panama a independent nation
The U.S. began negotiating a new canal treaty with Bunau-Varilla they came up with the {Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty that gave the U.S. control of the Panama Canal Zone}
Work began again on the canal in 1904 but harsh working conditions, labor shortages and disease yet again delayed construction
Finally President Roosevelt appointed a new engineer and an army doctor to improve conditions
{On August 15th 1914, after nine years, the Panama Canal was completed }

10. Panama Canal Now

12. Relations with Latin America
In 1823 the Monroe Doctorate cast the U.S. as protector of the Western Hemisphere but everyone kind of ignored it until the Spanish- American War
In 1904 {President Roosevelt made it clear that he intended to enforce the Monroe Doctorate, what he meant by that was that he would use U.S. forces to protect American interests in the Western Hemisphere}
The Dominican Republic was unable to repay its European leaders. Fearing Europeans would use force to collect the loans Roosevelt issued the Roosevelt Corollary pledging to use armed forces to prevent any European country from seizing the Dominican Republic.

13. Continued…
To satisfy the Europeans the U.S. took control of collecting all the Dominican customs duties
After that civil unrest shook the Dominican Republic, and the U.S. government sent in marines
The marines stayed there from 1916 to 1924
Despite protests, U.S. intervention in Latin America continued
When Taft took over for Roosevelt he came up with a {policy called dollar diplomacy, it replaced European loans with U.S. loans in Latin America}

14. Dominican Republic

15. Review
Spain ceded Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Pacific island of Guam to who?
What did they become when the U.S. gained overseas territory?
Philippe Bunau-Varilla who was the engineer in charge of What?
Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty that gave the U.S. control of What?