1. Insects & crustaceans Donald Winslow Zoology 14 March 2008 Following Hickman et al., 2008. Integrative Principles of Zoology, 14 th edition. Ch 20 (pp 421-429, 431-437) Ch 21 (pp 441-464) Phylum Arthropoda

2. Crustacean body plan Head Thorax Abdomen Telson Carapace Chromatophores in epidermis Stalked compound eyes –Subdivided into ommatidia

3. Crustacean appendages 4 antennae 2 mandibles 4 maxillae 2 appendages per body segment –Maxillipeds –Chelipeds (biramous) –Walking legs –Swimmerets –Uropods

4. Subphylum Crustacea Class Remipedia Class Cephalocarida Class Branchiopoda (includes water fleas) Class Ostracoda (mussel shrimp) Class Maxillopoda (copepods, barnacles..) Class Malacostraca (crabs, shrimp…)

5. Class Branchiopoda Order Anostraca (fairy & brine shrimps) Order Notostraca (tadpole shrimps) Order Diplostraca –Clam shrimps –Suborder Cladocera (water fleas) Planktonic animals common in lakes Example: Genus Daphnia

6. Class Ostracoda Bivalve carapace Planktonic “mussel shrimps” or “seed shrimps”

7. Class Maxillopoda Subclass Copepoda –Predatory zooplankton Subclass Cirripedia –Order Thoracica (barnacles)

8. Class Malacostraca Order Isopoda—includes pillbugs Order Amphipoda—includes beach fleas Order Euphausiacea—krill Order Decapoda –Lobsters –Crayfishes –Shrimps –Crabs

9. Class Insecta Very diverse taxon Study of insects is entomology. Ocelli & compound eyes Head, thorax, abdomen 6 legs, 4 wings, antennae Palps, tympanum, ovipositor

10. Insect mouthparts Labrum Labium 2 mandibles 2 maxillae Hypopharynx

11. Types of metamorphosis Complete metamorphosis –Egg –Larva –Pupa –Adult Incomplete metamorphosis –Egg –Nymph (several instars) –Adult

12. Hormonal changes Metamorphosis Ecdysone causes molt Diapause is a dormant stage

13. Insect circulatory system Heart Dorsal aorta Hemolymph (blood)

14. Communication in insects Pheromones (chemical signals) Sounds Tactile communication Visual communication

15. Social insect castes Queen Drones Workers

16. Representative insect orders Order Diptera (flies & mosquitoes) Order Orthoptera (grasshoppers, etc) Order Odonata (dragonflies & damselflies) Order Lepidoptera (butterflies & moths) Order Hymenoptera (ants, bees, wasps) Order Isoptera (termites) Order Coleoptera (beetles)