1. Introduction to Human Anatomy
Sanjaya Adikari
Department of Anatomy

2. Why do you need to study anatomy?
A doctor should be able to localize symptoms and signs
Pains
Lumps/bumps
Withdrawing of blood & giving injections
Basic medical procedures

3. Why do you need to study anatomy?
Surgeons need to know what they cut
Where to cut
How to find the structures/organs
Relationship of stuctures/organs
Normal variations

4. Subsections in the study of Anatomy
Dissections/Macroscopic structure
Histology/Microscopic structure
Embryology
Genetics

5. Dissection is done in regions
Head and neck (with Nervous control M)
Thorax (with Res. Gas exch. M, Blood & Circula M)
Abdomen (with Alimentation M)
Pelvis & Perineum (with Excretion & Reproduc M)
Limbs (with Locomotion M)

6. Anatomical Terms

7. Anatomical Position

8. Anterior = Ventral Posterior = Dorsal Superior = Cephalic Inferior = Caudal Left and Right Medial and Lateral

9. Anatomical planes
Para saggital/
Para median

10. A B
‘A’ is lateral to ‘B’
‘B’ is medial to ‘A’

11. Superior/
cephalic
Inferior/
caudal

12. A B
‘A’ is proximal to ‘B’
‘B’ is distal to ‘A’ A B

13. Pre-axial border
Post-axial border

14. Abduction
Adduction

15. Flexion Extension Flexion Extension
Movement that carries the limb anteriorly and bends it
Extension
Movement that carries the limb posteriorly and straightens it

16. Flexion
Extension

18. Circumduction
Rotation

20. Superficial Deep Closer to the skin/out side
Away from the skin/out side

21. Books Recommended Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy
McMinn’s colour atlas of Human Anatomy
Grant’s Dissector
Wheater’s Functional Histology by B Young and J.W. Heath or
Textbook of Human Histology with Colour Atlas and Practical Guide by Inderbir Singh

22. Books Recommended LAST’S ANATOMY REGIONAL AND APPLIED
Gray’s Anatomy for students
Textbook of Anatomy by Inderbir Singh
Clinically oriented Anatomy, By Keith L. Moore
Human Embryology by Prof. Malkanthi S. Chandrasekera

23. List of things to be brought by you on the day of introduction to dissections
Scalpel blade and handle – 4 sets per group
Non toothed-forceps with a broad tip – 4 per group
Toothed-forceps with a broad tip – 4 per group
Pare of scissors (curved) - 2 per group
Cotton wool g packet
Gauze bandage - 06 per group
Two pairs of socks
One sponge (about 2 x 3 x 5 inches) to apply body fluid
A grey clothe 60 inches wide and 2 ½ meters long
Grant’s Dissector and a Lab coat

24. Instruments
Scalpel blade (No 22)
Scalpel handle (No. 4)

25. Instruments

26. Instruments
Gold-handled, curved fine-tipped Scissors
5-6 inch Forceps

27. Approach to the human bodies
Scissors
Forceps

28. Approach to the human bodies
Scissors
Forceps

29. Approach to the human bodies
Scissors
Forceps

30. Approach to the human bodies
Scissors
Forceps

31. Communication with staff
Talk during practical classes
Meet us personally in the office
‘Comments box’ next to the Anatomy notice board (of the ground floor)
Our:
Your:
Batch
Stu. No.

32. Exams Semester Exams – 4 No separate merit exam
SAQ (40%), MCQ (30%), OSPE (30%)
Each OSPE item will have equal weightage
No separate merit exam
Marks from the 4 semester exams will decide ‘Distinctions in Anatomy’