1. Classical and Hellenistic Greece

2. The Rise of Macedon
( BCE)

3. Macedon Before ca. 350 BCE “A backward, semi-barbaric land”
People related to Greeks
Not a very powerful country

4. Philip II

5. Philip II
Ruled BCE
Shrewd, ambitious, unscrupulous politician
Got control of gold mines of Amphipolis:
bribe Greek politicians
build roads
build up army

6. Philip II Powerful army, but also skilled diplomat
tricks his way into control of some Greek city-states
attacks & conquers others
Demosthenes ( BCE) warns Athens, but…

7. Philip II Battle at Chaeronea is the final defeat
Ruled Greeks leniently
Corinthian League (338 BCE)

8. Philip II

9. Alexander the Great

10. Alexander the Great Secures Greece Moves on Persian Empire in 334 BCE
Captures Asia Minor
Battles in northern Syria
Takes Egypt & Mesopotamia
Occupies, then destroys Persepolis

11. Alexander the Great

12. Alexander’s Death 323 BCE, dies of fever at age 33
Various generals take their own piece of the empire:
Antigonus I ~ “Antigonid Dynasty”
Seleucus I ~ “Seleucid Dynasty”
Ptolemy I ~ “Ptolemies”

14. Hellenistic Civilization & Culture

15. Hellenistic Civilization
Things on a much larger scale
Fusion / influence of many more cultures
Greek influence dominates

16. Building Greek Cities in the East

17. Hellenistic Culture
The Arts
Medicine
Philosophy
Math & Science

18. Alexandria, Egypt
Royal Library of Alexandria
(and Musaeum)

19. Hellenistic Art “Aphrodite of Melos” (Venus de Milo) ca. 130 - 100 BCE
“Old Market Woman”
2nd Century BCE

20. Advances: Hellenistic Medicine heart as a pump with valves
use pulse as diagnostic tool
distinguish between veins & arteries
nervous system - motion & sensation; brain - intelligence

21. Hellenistic Medicine

22. Hellenistic Philosophy
Cynics  Diogenes
reject social conventions & avoid luxuries
kosmopolites ~ citizens of the world
fulfill natural needs in simplest, most direct way

23. Hellenistic Philosophy
Skeptics  Pyrrho
pointed out weaknesses in arguments/beliefs of other schools
can’t observe/experience things like the ultimate purpose of the universe or life, justice, divinity, the soul, etc. so no need to believe in or worry about them
nothing can be known

24. Hellenistic Philosophy
Epicurians  Epicurus
goal of life is human happiness
avoid pain, trouble, responsibility
primacy of sense perception
practical atheism

25. Hellenistic Philosophy
Stoics  Zeno
guiding principle of the world is divine reason
happiness comes from living virtuously; virtue is a will in harmony with nature
strength & self-control to avoid destructive emotions (passions)

26. Scientists / Mathematicians:
Hellenistic Science
Scientists / Mathematicians:
Euclid 
Archimedes 
Aristarchus 
Hipparchus, Ptolemy 
Eratosthenes 

27. Pythagoras' theorem: The sum of the areas of the two squares on the legs (a and b) of a right triangle equals the area of the square on the hypotenuse (c).
Thales' theorem: if AC is a diameter, then the angle at B is a right angle.
The sum of angles A, B, and C is equal to 180 degrees.
The bridge of asses theorem states that A=B and C=D.

30. next up…
Rome