1. Evaluate the success of a protected area

2. Successful protected areas all have : Funding partially or completely by government Education programmes for local people to tell them about the area, problems and solutions Attract visitors but in controlled numbers Management programmes High profile animals

3. Why high profile animals? People want to see animals that are spectacular and they are familiar with They are interesting They are big and ‘scary’ (risk factor) They are often mammals like us We learn about them but rarely see them

4. Successful protected areas: a. Funded by… b. Offer local people programmes in… c. Have programmes specifically to… d. Attract… e. Contain… Why have a well known (high profile) mammal?

6. DVCA

7. http://www.endemicguides.com/DanumValley.htm http://www.endemicguides.com/DanumValley.htm Why should the area be conserved?

8. Draw a sketch of the area. Title: Yayasan Sabah Forest Management Area Label the six areas from your map.

9. 1. Owned by: 2. Aims are: 3. Whole area is ………………………. forest 4. Within area are …………………………..areas, rehabilitated areas (planted with ……………………….) 5. Area was under threat from:……………….. 6. Now there is a ……………………….. programme that …………………………….. local people 7. DVCA is run by a …………………………………………. with all groups included (e.g. ……………………..) Seedlings Sabah Foundation Logging Conservation and economic Educates Research Management Committee Commercial Protected Wildlife, forestry, commercial

10. Annotate info about Maliau, Imbak, INIKEA and INFAPRO onto your map Can animals move between areas? Is there a buffer zone? Is there conservation of large animals? Which ones? How else, apart from logging, does the area make money? How is the profile of the area kept up? Where does funding come from? In what ways are the local communities involved? Why should the area be protected?

11. Evaluate the success of a protected area. (10)

12. Evaluate the success of a protected area. (10) Describe this project. What are the success criteria? How many of the success criteria does this project meet? Funding partially or completely by government Education programmes for local people to tell them about the area, problems and solutions Attract visitors but in controlled numbers Management programmes High profile animals

13. Debate: Species-based approach to conservation or area based approach Must include: How to conserve? What to conserve? In situ vs ex situ? 5 freedoms? Breeding programmes? http://www.montana.edu/~wwwbi/staff/creel/bio480/hotspots%20&%20gap s.pdf

14. Species-based approach or area-based approach? Advantages of species-based approachAdvantage of area-based approach

15. 1. Focusing on one spp does not guarantee the ecosystem will survive 2. Too many demands elsewhere to focus on only one spp at a time 3. We know more about spp than entire areas so easier to conserve species 4. If you conserve an umbrella spp then other spp will be protected too 5. If you protect a flagship spp then funds are easier to raise (flagship and umbrella are often the same so….)

16. 6. If you conserve a sensitive or indicator species their presence shows the ecosystem is intact e.g. amphibians (indicators of pollution) and pollinators (indicators of plant community) 7. If we focus on an area we protect many spp 8. Spp that aren’t ‘attractive’ to us have little chance of conservation (aesthetic vs ecological value) 9. A spp can be conserved in a zoo (ex situ) ; meanwhile its habitat is destroyed 10. Captive breeding and reintroduction programs can be very successful

17. Advantages of species-based approachAdvantage of area-based approach 3. We know more about spp than entire areas so easier to conserve species 4. If you conserve an umbrella spp then other spp will be protected too 5. If you protect a flagship spp then funds are easier to raise (flagship and umbrella are often the same so….) 6. If you conserve a sensitive or indicator species their presence shows the ecosystem is intact e.g. amphibians (indicators of pollution) and pollinators (indicators of plant community) 10. Captive breeding and reintroduction programs can be very successful 1.Focusing on one spp does not guarantee the ecosystem will survive 2. Too many demands elsewhere to focus on only one spp at a time 7. If we focus on an area we protect many spp 8. Spp that aren’t ‘attractive’ to us have little chance of conservation (aesthetic vs ecological value) 9. A spp can be conserved in a zoo (ex situ) ; meanwhile its habitat is destroyed

18. Parasite fungus that grew out of ants’ heads Orang-utan Tigers

19. Mini presentations What is CITES? What are its strengths and weaknesses? Tae Wan Asra What decisions do zoos have to make in selecting species? Tobi Kristen In situ or ex situ conservation? Sarah Haris How are zoo populations managed? Allen Dillon How are captive breeding and reintroduction programmes managed? Sabrina Ryuya What are the benefits of zoos and what are the disadvantages? Mikey

20. Topic 4: completed. Understood? 4.3 CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY revision notes 4.3.1 State the arguments for preserving species and habitats. 4.3.2Compare and contrast the roles of NGOs and GOs in preserving and restoring ecosystems and biodiversity. 4.3.3 State and explain the criteria used to design protected areas. 4.3.4 Evaluate the success of a named protected area. 4.3.5 Discuss and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the species-based approach to conservation.