1. The complete history of the Universe (abridged) The Big Bang and the Cosmic Microwave Background (With thanks to Angela Taylor)Sutton Trust Summer School 2005 Keith Grainge

2. The Hubble Deep Field

3. Optical Spectra Atoms and molecules absorb and emit at particular frequencies  line spectra. Atoms and molecules absorb and emit at particular frequencies  line spectra. Can learn temperature, density, and chemical composition. Can learn temperature, density, and chemical composition. Also velocity … Also velocity …

4. The Doppler Effect for EM radiation

6. Hubble, law Hubble’s Law Hubble’s Data (1929) v = H 0 d recession Hubble distance velocity constant

7. Expansion of the Universe (Wayne Hu’s web page: background.uchicago.edu/~whu)

8. Evolution of the Universe 4321043210 Age of Universe (Billion years) Relative size of Universe Flat Universe ‘Big Crunch’ Accelerating Universe -10 Now 10 20 30

10. Ingredients of the Universe Radiation Dark Matter Ordinary matter Dark Energy

11. Geometry of the Universe ‘Positively’ curved ‘Negatively’ curved Flat

13. The Cosmic Microwave Background The background is the left over radiation from the Big Bang. It has now cooled to a temperature of 2.7 K

14. The Cosmic Microwave Background Imprint in the background due to the motion of the Earth, about 1 part in 1,000 of the total intensity

15. The Cosmic Microwave Background The ripples in the background correspond to only about one part in 100,000 of the total intensity

19. Map of SkyPower Spectrum PowerPower PowerPower PowerPower 1/Angular Size

21. GROUND BASED INSTRUMENTS … INSTRUMENTS …

22. FLYING FROM BALLOONS …

23. PLANCK - 2007WMAP – flying now SATELLITE MISSIONS

24. The Very Small Array

25. Observatorio del Teide, Tenerife

29. VSA RESULTS – Jan 2004

30. VSA Power Spectrum

31. WMAP Power Spectrum (Power) (1/Angle on sky)

32. The Age of the Universe … 13.7 Billion Years

33. Geometry of the Universe … FLAT

34. Ingredients of the Universe …

36. The local Universe - Galaxies Spiral Galaxy M63 If this were our Galaxy, our Sun would be located about here

37. The Universe on the Largest Scale - the Cambridge APM survey Over 2 million galaxies in direction of the South Galactic pole. The map covers about one tenth of the sky

39. Structure Formation (Simulation and movie courtesy of Andrey Kravtsov)

40. Interacting Galaxies

41. HST image of colliding galaxies NGC 4038 and NGC 4039

42. Summary  After the Big Bang the Universe was hot and smooth.  As it expanded it cooled.  The CMB is a picture of the Universe when it was only 300,000 years old.  Under the influence of gravity structure has formed.