1. ACTIVE & PASSIVE FORM

2. ACTIVE PASSIVE Simple Present S + V1 + O S + do/does + not + V1 + O
Do/does + S + V1 + O?
My father writes a letter
My father does not write a letter
Does my father write a letter?
…..+ is/am/are + V3 + by +….
…..+ is/am/are + not + V3 + by + …
Is/am/are + … + V3 + by + ….?
A letter is written by my father
A letter is not written by my father
Is a letter written by my father?
Simple Past
S + V2 + O
S + did + not + V1 + O
Did + s + V + O?
My father wrote a letter
My father did not write a letter
Did my father write a letter?
….+ was/were + V3 + by + ….
….+ was/were + not + V3 + by + ….
Was/were + …. + V3 + by + …..?
A letter was written by my father
A letter was not written by my father
Was a letter written by my father?

3. ACTIVE
PASSIVE
Present Continuous
S + is/am/are + Ving + O
S + is/am/are + not + Ving + O
Is/am/are + S + Ving + O?
My father is writing a letter
My father is not writing a letter
Is my father writing a letter?
…+ is/am/are + being + V3 + by +…..
…+ is/am/are + not + being + V3 + by + …
Is/am/are+….+ being+ V3 + by + ….?
A letter is being written by my father
A letter is not being written by my father
Is a letter being written by my father?
Past Continuous
S + was/were + Ving + O
S + was/were + not + Ving + O
Was/were + S + Ving + O?
My father was writing a letter
My father was not writing a letter
Was my father writing a letter?
…+was/were + being + V3 + by + …
…+was/were+not+being+V3+by+ ...
Was/were+….+ being+V3+by+….?
A letter was being written by my father
A letter was not being written by my father
Was a letter being written by my father?

4. ACTIVE
PASSIVE
Present Perfect
S + has/have + V3 + O
S + has/have + not + V3 + O
Has/have + S + V3 + O?
My father has written a letter
My father hasn’t written a letter
Has my father written a letter?
….+ has/have + been + V3 + by + ….
….+ has/have+ not+been+V3+ by+…
Has/have+ ….+ been + V3 + by + ….
A letter has been written by my father
A letter hasn’t been written by my father
Has a letter been written by my father?
Past Perfect
S + had + V3 + O
S + had + not + V3 + O
Had + S + V3 + O ?
My father had written a letter
My father hadn’t written a letter
Had my father written a letter?
…. + had + been + V3 + by + …..
….+had + not + been + V3 + by + ….
Had + …. + been + V3 + by + ….
A letter had been written by my father
A letter hadn’t been written by myfather
Had a letter been written by my father?

5. ACTIVE
PASSIVE
Future & Past Future
S + modals + V1 + O
S + modals + not + V1 + O
Modals + S + V1 + O ?
My father will write a letter
My father would write a letter
My father will not write a letter
My father wouldn’t write a letter
Will my father write a letter?
Would my father write a letter?
….+ modals+ be+ V3+ by + ….
….+ modals+ not+ be+ V3+ by+…
Modals+ ….+ be+ V3+ by+ ….?
A letter will be written by my father
A letter would be written by my father
A letter will not be written by my father
A letter wouldn’t be written by my father
Will a letter be written by my father?
would a letter be written by my father?

6. ACTIVE PASSIVE Past Future Perfect S + modals + have + V3 + O
S + modals+ not+ have+ V3+ O
Modals+ S+ have+ V3+ O?
My father would have written a letter
My father would not have written a letter
Would my father have written a letter?
… + modals+have+ been+V3+ by+ …
….+ modals+ not+ been+V3+ by+ …
Modals+…. + have+ been+ V3+ by+ ….?
A letter would have been written by my father
A letter would not have been written by my father
Would a letter have been written by my father?

7. Note: if the doer (someone, somebody, someone, somebody, etc) is as a subject in active so in the passive the doer like that is not necessary to write.
e.g. Someone has stolen my phone cell in a train.
My phone cell has been stolen in a train.

8. Exercise
John is calling the other members
Should these contracts be signed by the manager?
The fire has caused considerable damage
Thirty houses were not destroyed by the tornado
The company orders some new equipment
The president should have been called this morning.