2. GreenCarbonLite: What We Do Monitor & Analyse:EU Climate Change policy (Focus: Renewables and energy efficiency) Provide input to:Policy developers (EC, energy regulators, industry associations) Advise and help:Companies on carbon strategy, energy policy formulation, energy action plan implementation.

3. 15 yrs European Commission 8 yrs Lafarge SVP Environment then CEO Italy 2 yrs renewable energy in Italy Expertise in sustainability, carbon management... 12 years Power Engineer with MANWEB/Scottish Power EU 20 years Market & Policy analyst (IT & Power), numerous inputs on European energy policy Expertise in EU regulation, carbon tax and renewables... Chris Boyd, Economist Doron Cohen Ph.D., MBA Mike Parr BSc & MBA 18 years Executive management Divisional management Energy, Scandinavia; Operational director French utilities; Consulting director Expertise in Renewables & energy improvement programs... GreenCarbonLite: Who We Are

4. Theme 1:Cross border connections Theme 2:Biomass

5. EU & Energy – 3 Policy Objectives Energy Independence Competition (Energy Markets) Renewables Cross border connections RES Support Market Innovation & Regulation Energy Efficiency 3 rd Energy Package RES Directive

6. RES, Competition & Cross Border Connections 1.Better cross border connections = more possibility for competition Yes…. but 2.Better cross border connections = improved ability to absorb more RES TEN-E e.g. (now) NorNed HVDC link e.g. (later) North Sea HVDC Grid

7. Thought Experiment – Cross-Border Connections Poland Ukraine Hungary Romania RENEWABLES GRID? (or Grid for renewables?) Regional – not national approach is needed Slovakia High RES potential Low RES penetration

8. Not a thought experiment East Euro Network On-Shore Grid for RES (OSGRES?)

9. Biomass Trends Bio-mass co-firing in coal plantsDRAX (UK) Netherlands (RWE)100MW (US feedstock) Czech Republic30MW (bio-waste) UK (3 plants)500MW (various sources) Euro Commission looking @ biomass & sustainability (no repeat of biofuels problems) Business Opportunity???

10. Conclusions 1.Renewables @ core of EU Climate policy 2.Cross-border connections allow much higher levels of Renewables pentration 3.East Europe has a large wind resource (that is statistically de- coupled) 4.East Europe has large amounts of unused bio-mass 5.East Europe needs to strengthen its transmission networks