1. The Protestant Reformation (early 1500s)
A religious revolution
Humanists driven
Split the Roman Catholic Church in western Europe
Popes lost sight of spiritual mission
Political leaders & warriors
Wealth more important than saving souls

2. Origins of the Reformation
Germany due to weak central government
Pope Leo X built St. Peter’s Basilica
Raised funds by selling indulgences
Reward for pious deeds
* Purchase a pardon for sins to reduce time in purgatory
Martin Luther protests abuses

3. Martin Luther’s Protest
Considered himself a sinner
Became a monk
Church rituals did nothing to rid him of his feelings of damnation
Epiphany: an inner faith in god leads to salvation
95 Theses
Protests abuse of indulgences

4. Lutheranism Luther’s believes:
“priesthood of believers”
Bible is sole religious authority
Ceremonies did NOT counteract sins
Priests have no role in salvation
1520: 3 publications that outlined his doctrines
1521: Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther
Charles V
Diet of Worms
1522: translated New Testament into German
By 1534: translated entire Bible from Hebrew & Greek
New ministers can baptize and give communion
"Unless I am convicted by scripture and plain reason - I do not accept the authority of the popes and councils, for they have contradicted each other - my conscience is captive to the Word of God. I cannot and I will not recant anything for to go against conscience is neither right nor safe. God help me. Amen."

5. Spread of Protestantism
Lutheranism and other Protestant faiths sprang up all over Europe
1555: Peace at Augsburg
Charles V stopped attempts to end Protestant movement
each German ruler could choose its religion
Subjects had to accept religion or leave
Sects: 100s of religious groups emerged. Few succeeded.
Anabaptists survived thru Mennonites & Hutterites
Adults only can be baptized

6. Anglican Church (1529-1536) King Henry VIII “Defender o/t Faith”
Henry VIII wanted a divorce
Church refuses
No son w/ Catherine of Aragon (Charles V aunt)
Married Anne Boleyn
6 wives in total
King Edward VI
Parliament creates the Anglican Church (aka: Church of England) w/ king as its head
Protestant doctrine w/ Catholic organization